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1、S27L7 96$ U0296146 107961020042P3A01211 MR WILLIAhI W KAYSER 424 E GILPIN AVE IORFOLK VA 23503 SZbLb 001$ LL64 8381N3030 A1I130I3 HOIH 1f109/ 3NIZl1Jt1W 3AI1t111aOHlflb 3H1 AmericanRadioHistory.Com RadioFans.CN 收音机爱 好者资料库 Edison Tin -foil Phonograph Complete Sound Recording And Playback System MANUF
2、ACTURERS SPECIFICATIONS Speeds: Continuously variable by user, a fixed speed of 60 rpm is recommend- ed. Recording and Playback Time: 32 sec. at 60 rpm. Motor: Arm muscles. Drive Method: Direct. Cylinder: 4.97 in (10.1 cm) diameter. Flutter: Improves with practice. Tracking Error: None, tangential.
3、Tracking Force: Adjust with enough force to follow undulations in the tin foil without obliterating them. Recording Medium: 2 mil tin -clad -lead foil (28 per cent tin by weight). Groove Density: 10 per inch (3.9 per cm).2 Recording Method: Vertical (hill and dale) with constant groove velocity. Rec
4、ording Stylus: Steel, 16 mil radius, conical. Playback Stylus: Steel, 16 mil radius, conical. Acoustical Output: Audible to an au- dience provided considerable force is usedwhenspeakingdirectlyinto mouthpiece; chest tones are best. Acoustical Performance: Voice can be recordedand reproduced instantl
5、y with fidelity and distinctness, as can whistles, laughter, songs, and sound ef- fects, including musical sounds. Dimensions: 14.3 in. (36.4 cm) W with cylinder centered by 10.6 in. (27 cm) D by 5.2in.(13.2 cm) H with handle down. Weight:15.3 lbs. (6.95 kg). Price: Variable; must be built from a se
6、t of plans available from Edison LaboratoriesatMenloPark,N.J.2 Materials include bronze, brass, steel, malleable iron. At least 100 hours of a professional machinists time are re- quired. AUDIO December 1977 AmericanRadioHistory.Com RadioFans.CN 收音机爱 好者资料库 tion and posterity, it would be better to w
7、rite them down. I have heard that Edison is working on an improved version for production. If this is true,I recommend you wait for the up- dated model. Dr. Peter E. Hillman PH.D. Research Associate, Dept. of Agricultural Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853. Manufacturers Comment
8、 We are working on an improved production model of the Edison Tin -Foil Phonograph which should be available by Spring, 78. A single diaphragm is excellent for both recording and playback, and our new phonograph incorporates a single mica diaphragm for both purposes. You must realize that we were an
9、xious to demonstrate the phonograph and to file ap- plication with the patent office as soon as possible, without taking time for improvements,20 hence the marked change between this version and our original phonograph. In addition to a single diaphragm, our new phonograph has a host of improvements
10、. A flywheel has been added to reduce flutter. The mouth -piece diaphragm assembly swings downforgreaterclearancethanontheoriginal phonograph -hence facilitating ease of wrapping the foil around the cylinder. Also a slot has been added to the cylinder in which to fit the ends of the foil and a wedge
11、 holds the endsinplace.Lateralscrew adjustmentsofthe diaphragm assembly are provided. The stylusis no longer rigidly fastened to the mica diaphragm. Instead, a piece of rubber tubing is placed between the stylus and the mica diaphragm, reducing the metallic noise. Stylus shape has been changed to im
12、prove volume and clarity. The mica diaphragm is variably damped, reducing the resonant peaks and raising the frequency response by adding stiffness. Slots have been added to the mouthpiece to reinforce sibilant sounds. Finally, we provide a funnel to greatly increase the volume of playback. We belie
13、ve the phonograph does have utility, especially our improved model. We predict that it can be used for letter writing, dictation, books for the blind, education, music, recording the last words of great men, and as music boxes, toys, clocks . just to name a few uses.21 The Edison Speaking Phonograph
14、 Co. References and Notes 1. Johnson, E. H. (Edison Speaking Phonograph Co.) Instruc- tions for Management and Operation of Edisons Speak- ing Phonograph. Philadelphia, 1878. 2. Edison Laboratories drawings of original phonograph, 1930.Copiesentitled,BuildtheEdisonTin -Foil Phonograph, are available
15、 at $2.25 each from Eastern National Park and Monument Association, Edison Na- 66tional Historic Site, P.O. Box 126, Orange, N.J. 07051. 3. The type of foil used on the original phonograph was sur- mised from the oldest documented tinfoil sample (#14281) at the Edison National Historic Site. This sa
16、mple had been used on the first phonograph exhibitedin Nashville, Tenn. on June 18, 1878. The relative content of tin and lead was calculated from a density measurement of this sample. Apparently this sample is a sandwich of tin with a lead center. A note from Mining World, July 6, 1906; reads, Tin
17、-foilis supposed to contain more tin than other metal, but this is not so. The Crookes method of manufacturing tin -foilis by rolling plates of lead coated with tin. I am still trying to find out when tin foil was first manufactured by the Crookes method. 4. Stylus shape is not clearly depicted in t
18、he drawings of the phonograph (reference 2).Visual examination of the original at the Edison National Historic Site revealed the recording and playback styli are conical. 5. AdvertisinghandbillforanexhibitionofEdisons phonograph in July, 1878. 6. U.S. Patent No. 200,521 granted February 19, 1878. 7.
19、 Scientific American, The Talking Phonograph. 37:384, 1877. 8. Josephson, M. Edison: A Biography, New York, McGraw Hill, Inc. 1959. 9.I am greatly indebted to the Edison National Historic Site anditsstafffor allowing me to examine archival material crucial to this study. Not only is the original pho
20、nograph displayed there, but also models of his other famous inventions, his books, and his tools.Itis well worth a visit.I am also indebted to Sam Baughman for adviceandsupervisonwhileconstructingthe phonograph replica for this review. 10. Read, O. and W. J. Welch. From Tin Foil to Stereo,ln- diana
21、polis, Howard W. Sam & Co., Inc., (2nd ed.)1976. 11. Young, J. L., Edison and His Phonograph. 1890. Reprinted by Talking Machine Review, Bournemouth, England. Mouth glue is either a gelatin glue or saliva (Oxford English Dictionary, 1933).I found that transparent tape placed at the edges of the over
22、lapping foil works nicely. 12. Samples of tin -clad -lead foil (40 per cent tin by weight) and pure tin foil were obtained courtesy of Revere Cop- per and Brass, Inc., Foil Division, Brooklyn, N.Y. 11222. 13.Iusedacommercialheavy-duty aluminumfoil. Aluminum probably was not sold as a foilin 1877 bec
23、ause tin foil worked as well for wrapping and wasnt nearly as expensive. Until Halls electrolysis method for reducing aluminum in 1888, aluminum rivaled gold in price. 14. Lyman, T. (ed.) Metals Handbook. Vol. 1. Properties and Selection of Metals. Novelty, Ohio. American Society of Metals, (8th ed.
24、) 1961. 15. A Nicolet Scientific Corp. Ubiquitous Spectrum Analyzer Model UA500A was used for this test.Ithank Dr. Cor- nelis Drost forhisaidin measuring the frequency response and signal-to-noise ratios. 16. The frequency response of the phonograph is reminiscent of a steel diaphragm earphone (Olso
25、n, H.F. Modern Sound Reproduction. New York, Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., 1972, p. 58.). 17. Kinsler, L. E. and A. R. Frey. Fundamentals of Acoustics. New York, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. (2nd ed.)1962. 18. A notch filter was used to determine the per cent con- tribution of the distortion to the fundamen
26、tal. 19. This section isstrictly my imagination of how Edison might reply to my equipment review. Iassume sole responsibility for its content. 20. Elisha Gray just missed the valuable telephone patent by arriving two hours later than Alexander Bell at the U.S. Patent Office on February 14, 1876 (reference 8). 21. Edison, T. A., The Phonograph and Its Future. North American Review. 126: 527-536.1878. AUDIO December 1977 AmericanRadioHistory.Com RadioFans.CN 收音机爱 好者资料库
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