Hafler P1000_OM 电路图.pdf

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1、 PROFESSIONAL POWER AMPLIFIER P1000 Installation 400 (to 10kHz); 40 (to 100kHz) Power Consumption: 50W/420mA 120VAC (idle power) (both channels driven)152W/1.3A 120VAC (1/8 power 8) 260W/2.2A 120VAC (max. power 8) Controls in addition to the schematic and parts list there are block diagrams and circ

2、uit operation explanations useful for technicians. We strongly urge reading over the Installation and Operation portions of this manual before putting the amplifier into service. The circuitry used in the Hafler Professional power amplifiers is our transana (TRANSconductance Active Nodal Amplifier)

3、topology. The transana technology operates the output stage with its full voltage gain, which allows the input stage to operate from a low voltage regulated supply. The signal is then shifted up in level to the high voltage section by the driver stage which forms an active node at ultrasonic frequen

4、cies. This results in very stable, highly linear operation. Safe Area output protection is handled by our proprietary NOMAD (NOn-Multiplying Advanced Decision, patent pending) system. NOMAD accurately computes the allowable device current for the device voltage and clamps the gate drive when the act

5、ual current exceeds this value. This improved accuracy is achieved by eliminating the dependence upon unreliable analog IE multiplier circuits to model the device operation. Other specialized circuits which prevent damage to the amplifier and speakers have been carefully implemented. A soft start ci

6、rcuit prevents sending potentially destructive turn-on and turn-off transients to the speakers. A thermal sensing network continuously monitors the heatsink temperature and shuts down the amplifier to protect it from excessive operating heat. Each channel of the amplifier has been built as a self-co

7、ntained module. This modular arrangement simplifies construction and improves service accessibility. The circuit board assembly makes extensive use of surface mount components in the low power portion of the audio circuitry. Automated equipment is used to place and solder the components which yields

8、 greater uniformity and reliability. The front panel has controls for input level adjustment and the power switch. In addition, LED indicators give a visual representation of the operating status of each channel. The THERMAL indicator lights to show when this protection circuit has been activated. T

9、he CLIP indicator helps prevent damaging the speaker by showing when the amplifier is overdriven. The SIGNAL indicator lights to show the presence of an audio signal. Front Panel View 2 signal clipping thermal Bridged Mono Normal Headphones signal clipping thermal novanovatrans anaP1000 6 4 28 010 6

10、 4 28 010 CH 2CH 1 (Mono) Audio Ground Rockford Corp. Tempe, AZ 85281 Made in the U.S.A. Unbal. RCA Bal. 115 VAC / 60Hz 3A 3AG 230 VAC / 50-60Hz 1.6A 5x20mm Unbal. RCA Bal. 345 VA MAX + + ChassisFloat Mono + + + CH2CH1 PUSH PUSH 115V Rear Panel View 3 LOCATION The P1000 power transformer can generat

11、e a substantial magnetic field, so caution should be exercised in the placement of low level components such as a tape deck, mixer or mic preamp to avoid inducing noise in the low level circuitry. The amplifiers can also produce considerable heat in normal operation so the primary consideration when

12、 determining a location for the amplifiers is to allow for adequate ventilation. The large heatsinks provide unrestricted airflow, but care must be taken to keep the slots in the bottom panel and top cover clear. If the amplifier is mounted in an equipment rack, make sure adjacent equipment does not

13、 impede cool air flow. Rack systems should have two fans 4 to 5 in from the front of the amplifier blowing upward. Inadequate ventilation can shorten component life, especially when other equipment raises the ambient air temperature, so circulating fans should be considered in tight quarters. IN S T

14、 A L L A T I O N Fan center approximately in line with edge of unit and starting of heatsink fins Fans placed 4 to 5 from front of unit Fans placed under the unit pointing upwards Recommended P1000 fan is 32 CFM x 2 (Bottom View) 4 to 5 (from fan center) AC LINE The P1000 is capable of operation fro

15、m either a 115 VAC/60Hz or a 230 VAC/50-60Hz power line. The power line selector switch is located on the rear panel. Check that the switch is set in the correct position before putting the amplifier into service. Connection is made by a 16 gauge, IEC Type 320, grounded line cord. For safety conside

16、rations only a properly grounded (earthed) receptacle should be used. If a grounded circuit is not available, do not break off the ground pin; use the proper adapter plug for a two wire receptacle. IMPORTANT: The power line fuse is mounted on the rear panel of the amplifier. If this fuse blows, repl

17、ace it only with a fuse of the same type and rating. The correct replacement fuse value is printed in the parts list. ! ! UNBALANCED INPUT The unbalanced inputs use conventional RCA phone jacks. Set the BALANCED/UNBALANCED switch to the UNBALANCED position to use these jacks. 4 XLR Balanced Input Ch

18、eck output of source unit for proper signal polarity 1/4 TRS Balanced Input Check output of source unit for proper signal polarity Pin 1 = GND Pin 2 = (+) Pin 3 = () INPUTFROM SOURCE Tip = (+) Ring = () Sleeve = GND INPUTFROM SOURCE Many popular mixers use unbalanced outputs and can be used with the

19、 Hafler amplifier. To minimize residual ground noise, we recommend using twisted pair cable or short cable lengths in this type of configuration. XLR Unbalanced Input Connect () and GND (shield) terminals at both ends of cable to prevent unstable amplifier operation 1/4 TRS Unbalanced Input Pin 1 =

20、GND Pin 2 = (+) Pin 3 = GND INPUTFROM SOURCE Tip = (+) Sleeve = GND INPUTFROM SOURCE 1 2 3 GND + 1 2 3 SHIELD + SHIELD SHIELD + + BALANCED INPUT The balanced input jacks are dual function connectors which accept 1/4 Phone (Tip Ring Sleeve) or XLR plugs. The 1/4 Phone jack is connected according to c

21、onventional usage. The XLR jack is connected according to the IEC and AES standard. Set the BALANCED/UNBALANCED switch to the BALANCED position to use these jacks. HEADPHONE JACK A standard 1/4 headphone jack is mounted on the front panel of the amplifier. The headphones are connected to the output

22、of the amplifier and can be adjusted by the input level controls or the main volume control. CAUTION: Using headphones at high power levels can cause permanent hearing damage. Always turn the volume all the way down before putting the headphones on. OUTPUT CONNECTIONS The speaker output connectors a

23、re screw terminals on a barrier strip. The terminals are sized for 1/4 spade lugs. MONOPHONIC USE In systems with high power requirements, the amplifiers can be configured for single channel, bridged mono operation. To bridge the amplifier, set the front panel Normal/Bridged Mono switch to the MONO

24、position. The Channel 1 input and level control is used and the Channel 2 level control is not active. The speaker is connected to the two positive (+) terminals. When the amplifier is bridged the output is floating. Any speaker which requires a common ground from the amplifier output cannot be used

25、 in this application. Never connect a positive (+) terminal to ground. Since a bridged amplifier shares the load between the two channels, each channel will effectively drive half of the load. Therefore, for bridged mono operation we recommend using an eight ohm load as the minimum impedance. ! ! !

26、5 OP E R A T I O N POWER SWITCH The POWER switch is located on the front panel of the amplifier. An internal lamp indicates when it is turned on. Standard practice is to turn the amplifier on last and off first when switching components individually to prevent sending damaging transients, generated

27、in the source components, to the speakers. It is possible to leave the power switch in the on position and switch the amplifier remotely through a power distribution block or preamp switched outlet. When doing so make sure the switch is rated for the current required by the amplifier. LEVEL CONTROLS

28、 The input sensitivity, for each channel, can be adjusted individually using the level controls on the front panel. The level controls on the P1000 are configured to allow each channel to be fully attenuated and are marked from 0 (minimum output) to 10 (full output). In public systems where it is ne

29、cessary to match levels, the knobs can be removed and the controls adjusted with your fingers or a flathead screwdriver. Cover the holes with the enclosed plugs to restrict access. INPUT CONFIGURATION SWITCHES Balanced/Unbalanced When the Balanced/Unbalanced switch position is in the Unbalanced posi

30、tion, the return () terminal is connected to ground to prevent unstable amplifier operation when the RCA input jacks are used. When using the XLR or 1/4 inputs, set the switch in the Balanced position. If the amplifier output is low, or has excessive noise, make sure this switch is set to the correc

31、t position. Normal/Bridged Mono The amplifier operates in two-channel mode when the front panel NORMAL/BRIDGED MONO switch is in the NORMAL position. To use the amplifier in single channel, bridged mono applications, the front panel switch must be in the BRIDGED MONO position. When the switch is set

32、 in the BRIDGED MONO position, the Channel 1 (+) and () inputs are connected to Channel 2 in reversed polarity, which inverts the Channel 2 output. Only the Channel 1 input is used, and the speaker is connected to the two positive (+) output terminals. The amplifier gain is adjusted by the Channel 1

33、 level control; the Channel 2 control is not active. Because of thermal considerations we do not recommend using less than a nominal eight ohm load on the amplifier when running it in bridged mono. GROUND SWITCH Ground loops are characterized by a hum or buzz through the speakers and are caused by a

34、 voltage potential difference between two points in a ground circuit. Ground loops are aggravated when multiple paths exist for a given circuit. Mounting components in a rack with metal rails may introduce ground loops between associated equipment, because the rails can establish an additional groun

35、d path. The CHASSIS/FLOAT switch allows you to select the amplifier grounding scheme for best system compatibility. With the switch in the CHASSIS position all signal grounds are referred to the chassis and power line ground. In the FLOAT position the signal ground is decoupled from the chassis. The

36、 position of the switch is determined by the overall noise in the system; choose the position which gives the lowest hum. ! ! NOMAD (NOn-Multiplying Advanced Decision, patent pending) SAFE AREA PROTECTION The output MOSFETs have an upper limit on the power, current, or voltage they can withstand wit

37、hout being damaged. The operating range within these limits is called the Safe Operating Area. Traditional amplifier designs use sensing circuits to measure the device voltage and current and a multiplying circuit to determine whether the dissipation (power) is within the Safe Operating Area. Limite

38、r circuits are then activated to prevent exceeding the device ratings. This multiplication method has numerous problems, including temperature sensitivity, nonlinearity and complexity. The NOMAD circuit, used in the P1000, avoids these problems by deriving the device dissipation by a different metho

39、d. Sensing circuits measure the device voltage and current. NOMAD determines the allowed current after an established duration. A clamping transistor is activated to limit the gate voltage. LED INDICATORS Amplifier operation is monitored internally and each channel has three status LEDs. These indic

40、ators can be used for system troubleshooting in case of aberrant behavior. Signal Monitors the amplifier output and lights when a signal is present. The SIGNAL indicator is calibrated to activate at an equivalent input voltage of 30mV, with the amplifier set for full gain. Clipping Monitors the DRIV

41、E SIGNAL and lights when the drive signal voltage exceeds the maximum level for linear operation of the output MOSFETs. Thermal Indicates when the thermal protection has shut down the amplifier. This occurs when the heatsink temperature becomes excessive. WARM UP In order to achieve the best sonic p

42、erformance and image stability from the amplifier, we recommend letting it warm up for 1 hour before beginning any critical listening. CLEANING AND MAINTENANCE There is no requirement for regular maintenance on the electronic components of the amplifier. If the case becomes soiled it can be cleaned

43、using a soft cloth and a mild detergent, such as spray window or glass cleaner. If the amplifier is located in a particularly dusty environment, cleaning the inside with compressed air or vacuuming every 18 to 24 months is sufficient. 6 SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM 7 8 Amplifier Channel TECHNICAL REFERENCE 9 F

44、IELD SERVICE CONSIDERATIONS A primary focus during the design and development of the P1000 was to ensure the dependability of the amplifiers. The use of MOSFET output transistors and the low voltage transana input stage combined with careful component selection for the circuit assembly made the reli

45、ability goals achievable. However, a parallel effort was also undertaken to make sure any down time caused by an amplifier fault was minimized by making the amplifier technician “friendly.” The modular construction allows exchanging the entire operational portion of either channel quickly and easily

46、 without the need for soldering or specialized equipment. This section of the manual contains descriptions of circuit operation and block diagrams to assist technicians with component level repairs. THEORY AND OPERATION OF transana The transana (TRANSconductance Active Nodal Amplifier) circuit is an

47、 efficient, short loop amplifier design using Vertical MOSFET output transistors. The input and pre-driver stages operate at low voltage and the output MOSFETs are connected in a source-on-rail configuration to deliver their full voltage gain. Using the output stage to supply voltage gain inherently

48、 increases the power gain (for the same bandwidth) of the output stage by typically ten times over the conventional follower connection, using the same MOSFET devices. This increase in efficiency allows the use of a much simpler input section than in the more common high voltage designs. The number

49、of serial stages, from input to output has been reduced from five or more to only four in the P1000. The transition from the low voltage input processing to the high voltage output operation is handled by a pair of complementary bipolar driver transistors. The drivers form an active node at ultrasonic frequencies and couple very accurately to the gates of the MOSFETs. This results in highly stable and highly linear performance. The transana topology is particularly well suited for use in a moderately powered compact amp like the P1000 because of its