TS-480HX_SAT_In-depth_user.pdf

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1、 Downloaded by? RadioAmateur.EU 2 Preface This in-depth manual for the TS-480 was written by the engineers who actually planned and designed the product. It is our hope that this guide will serve to convey the joys of HF and all the benefits of owning and using the TS-480 to whoever reads this guide

2、 whether you have already purchased a TS-480, an accomplished operator, thinking of buying a transceiver, or just thinking of taking up Amateur Radio as a hobby. We believe the TS-480 will appeal to everyone. CONTENTS Design Objectives2 Development Objectives for the TS-480 Series5 Circuitry7 TX cir

3、cuits7 RX circuitry13 Auxiliary Features19 Features of the Built-in DSP21 Tips28 Structural Features36 New Option: Voice Guide and up till now, only available from the top-of-the-line models. ? Transceiver remote control In order to realize all three of these, we started the design process with the

4、following planning objectives: 1. Priority on basic performance that stresses the 1.8 50 MHz range; 2. Dynamic range on a par with the TS-950; 3. Uncompromising RX performance, AF DSP as standard; 4. A control panel design that ensures top-notch operating ease, so that desired functions can be acces

5、sed instantly; 5. Support for a range of different operations as a mobile station and as a full-fledged base station, allowing the user to enjoy HF DX as much as with a conventional fixed station; 6. A quantum leap in power output in a compact chassis, generating 200W even when working off a DC 13.8

6、V supply (in the USA there are no limitations on the power output of mobile transceivers, so it is being described as a “power mobile”); 7. Internal automatic tuner for the 100W model to make it more versatile and expand the range of possible applications; and 8. Remote control via the Internet. As

7、for the name of the new series, which was intended to reflect our planning objectives, we decided on the 400s in order to express continuity with the popular TS-450 workhorse transceiver. This was because the new product was not simply a compact transceiver but would offer the sort of performance an

8、d features Kenwood fans would expect of a 400-series model. A workhorse transceiver that could prove its worth in a variety of places in the shack, in a vehicle, in the field - this was the TS-480 Series being planned by Kenwood. 6 Development Objectives for the TS-480 Series The following is an exp

9、lanation of our development objectives, distinct from the planning objectives. If asked about the origins of the compact HF rig, people outside Japan would no doubt think of the Atlas Series. Following the Atlas, a variety of different products appeared on the market, but it is probably no exaggerat

10、ion to say that Kenwoods TS-50 was the first in the category of the 100W (HF) compact all-mode transceiver. It is already more than a decade since the TS-50 was launched. Since then, successive models have grown increasingly smaller while adding new features and expanding band coverage to include V/

11、UHF. Today, this category has matured to the point of actually forming a definable market. What we developed in order to stir up and add fresh stimulus to this market was the TS-480 Series. Why a compact 200W transceiver? Why a 100W model with a built-in antenna tuner? Why HF50MHz coverage? The answ

12、ers to these questions can be found in our planning objectives. Lets look at the technical background. The TS-480 concept began with development of the TS-570? We first started looking in detail at the technical feasibility not of the 200W model but of the model with the internal antenna tuner. Toda

13、y, there is nothing special about a built-in AT, but for the TS-570 we developed a relay-type AT. This replaced the previous motor-driven variable capacitor type of AT. Naturally this technology was used elsewhere and by other manufacturers, but if applied not to TX but to RX also, it is possible to

14、 use it for receiver front-end passive tuning. For transmission purposes, it is smaller than the conventional type of AT of the time, especially with regard to height, making it a good choice for building into a compact set. In 1996, when on a visit to the US to promote the TS-570 a local salesman a

15、sked whether we were next going to put an AT into the TS-50. Well, perhaps that was where the TS-480 got its start! Achieving 200W output in a compact transceiver In achieving our goal of 200W there was one major constraint namely, we could not raise the voltage of the power supply. The TS-480 Serie

16、s was to be sold not only in Japan but internationally. If we had been looking only at our domestic market, things would have been different since the output of mobile transceivers here is limited to 50W, but conditions are different abroad, especially in the US. In the US, since there are no limita

17、tions on the output of either mobile or fixed stations, mobile transceivers in the several hundred watt class are not unusual. A common pattern for operations is not to hook up a 100W unit to a linear amp and mount a 200W fixed transceiver in a car. Moreover, the most common type of vehicle is a pic

18、kup with a 12V battery, so people expect to obtain a 200W output with a regular 13.8V power supply. If one thinks of the way people operate such transceivers here in Japan, a question arises: Why add that much power if it cannot be used as a mobile rig? The TS-480 has been designed with a priority o

19、n operating ease. One reason for this is that we saw the TS-480 being used as a fixed station in Japan, where 200W mobile operations are not permitted. Most 200W HF transceivers are high-end and their price reflects this. But in the workhorse class, most models offer only 100W output. So we can say

20、that our new product can fulfill the wishes of those who have received an advanced permit and thus want a 200W rig as long as it is not expensive. 7 Focusing on HF Raising power output and adding an antenna tuner are both moves in the right direction, but limiting the transceiver to the HF bands whe

21、n the mainstream nowadays is HFV/UHF would seem to be going against the tide of the times. Yet opting for the multi-band route inevitably leads to larger dimensions and higher prices. In this genre, price is an important factor, so by limiting the TS-480 to HF, we developed what is in fact a compact

22、 transceiver that stands apart from the competition. The TS-480 is designed to ensure not only excellent TX performance but also superior RX performance. 8 Circuitry TX circuits 200W final section Explained here is the circuitry for the 200W final section, the crown jewel of the TS-480 Series. This

23、circuit is responsible for developing 200W output with a DC 13.8V power supply. Of course, various approaches are possible. The typical one would be to use a high voltage (28V or more) with the FETs in a push-pull arrangement. However, we did not adopt this approach since a DC-DC combination that ra

24、ises the voltage to 28V exclusively for this purpose was considered inappropriate for a compact rig. The final section of a regular transceiver delivers 100W from 13.8V, so the normal approach would be to use this as the basis for a 200W design. Hence, we considered the pros and cons of using 4 fina

25、l devices, each with 50W output, to produce a total of 200W. I will not go into details here, but following our calculations and tests we discovered that simply hooking up the devices in parallel would not be a practical solution because of issues related to the output transformer. The solution we f

26、inally adopted was to have a pair of 100W final sections with a standard push-pull arrangement, combining these to obtain an output of 200W. Since this is the most popular method, we should perhaps have adopted it from the start, but having no past experience with a transceiver producing 200W from a

27、 13.8V supply, we looked at the design issues from various angles including performance, quality, size, cost, and manufacturability. When one simply says “combine”, there are in fact different ways to do this. For example, you can take a pair of 100W final circuits and connect in series the secondar

28、y circuit of the output transformer in phase to double the output, thus producing 200W. When we actually experimented with this, we found that it worked okay. Frequency characteristics were good. However, using this method means that one cannot provide isolation between the amplifiers. So what we fi

29、nally adopted was the old standby in situations like this namely, a wideband hybrid combiner. The circuit for this combiner is straightforward: if you reverse the input and output it will actually work as a splitter. For the TS-480HX, we put together a 200W output final circuit by using this type of

30、 combiner on the input/output of a pair of 100W final amplifiers. For the 50MHz band, we have limited the output to 100W because of the heat that we knew would be generated from loss. A hybrid combiner only works on the condition that the two signals are identical in amplitude and phase. Since our f

31、inal section was to operate in the HF50MHz bands, it would qualify as wideband in terms of frequency but there would be some concern for the balance frequency characteristics. However, this sort of power combiner has been used before for general applications, so in that sense it is an approach that

32、can be adopted with some confidence. When it came to the actual design (mounting), an ideal, symmetrical layout of the components was not possible; however, care was taken to preserve the balance, for example by employing isometric wiring for patterns in which there are many high-frequency currents

33、flowing. The device used was the 2SC2782 bipolar transistor. Since this has a collector loss of 220W, there would a total loss of 880W in a 200W set equipped with four of them; this represents more than enough leeway for operations. Continuous transmission performance with such a compact design is e

34、xplained in the section on the TS-480 structure. Downloaded by? RadioAmateur.EU 9 Fig. 1 illustrates TX IM characteristics with 200W output at 14MHz, while the second graph (Fig. 2) charts high-frequency spurious emissions. Fig. 1: TX IMD (output 200W) Fig. 2: TX Spurious emissions 10 SPS (separate

35、power sources) TS-480HX only SPS is shorthand for “operating at 200W using two 100W 13.8V power sources.” To generate a 200W output from 13.8V requires a maximum (total) current of 41A. As previously explained, the TS-480HX employs a pair of 100W final amps. What the SPS design does is to supply the

36、se amps from two separate power supplies, as shown in Fig. 3 below. The use of two power supplies may appear inconvenient, but in actual fact this arrangement is quite practical. Many customers already possess a 100W class power supply, so when they acquire this 200W transceiver they do not have to

37、make an additional purchase of a new 200W class power supply. It is possible for them to make use of the 100W unit in their possession. The PS-53 power supply is specified for the TS-480; however, as long as it can produce 20.5A or more continuously at 13.8V, other power supplies can be used. Also,

38、it is possible to operate this transceiver using a single power supply that can produce at least 41A continuously; note, however, that two power cables would still be needed. Fig. 3: SPS schematic diagram Other circuits DC power supply 1 (13.8V, 20.5A) DC power supply 2 (13.8V, 20.5A) Final amp 1 Fi

39、nal amp 2 Drive amp DC1 connector DC2 connector Chassis 11 Failsafe device (some TS-480HX versions only) The use of two power supplies and two final amps in parallel is something that has not been tried before, and naturally there may be some anxiety on the part of the user regarding what would happ

40、en if just one of the power supplies suddenly failed. Such a situation would be handled safely, since the TS-480 series is equipped with several failsafe devices. ? Should a difference of 1V or more be detected between the two power supplies: “RX ONLY” appears in the display and transmission operati

41、ons are inhibited. ? Should the voltage of one power supply drop to zero: if the failed supply is DC1 (Fig. 3), the transceiver is powered down; if DC2 fails, “RX ONLY” appears in the display and only RX operations are possible. ? Should a final amp malfunction: if, for example, the output of one of

42、 the final amps fell, resulting in an imbalance, “PA-ERROR” appears in the display and transmission operations are terminated. In addition, there is the usual complement of failsafe devices, including output control triggered by high temperature, high voltage detection, and SWR output control. These

43、 failsafe devices will provide temporary protection for the internal circuitry; however, should such a situation arise you should not continue using the transceiver, but rather deal with the problem in accordance with the troubleshooting guidelines. 100W final section Like the 200W final section, th

44、e 100W final section uses 2SC2782 transistors. The drive and peripheral circuits are virtually identical to those in the 200W model, enabling 100W output for the HF50MHz bands. For the Japanese market, there are 50W and 10W (50MHz: 20W) models, allowing buyers to choose whichever best suits them tha

45、t is, their license and their intended use (mobile or fixed). It should be pointed out that it is possible to increase the output of these models: the 50W model to 100W, and the 10W model to 50W or 100W. A TS-480 owner who acquires a more advanced license and wants to make use of this capability sho

46、uld go to the nearest service center. Note that it is not possible to upgrade to 200W output. Also, 50W mobile transceiver warranty certification is available for both 200W and 100W models used as fixed stations. Ever since the TS-570, Kenwood has adopted a method of converting transceivers to highe

47、r output specifications that does not require a kit. Conversion cannot be performed by the individual user, but because this method does not depend on finding stock of the appropriate kit it is proving popular. Antenna tuner (TS-480SAT) The 100W model is equipped with the relay-driven antenna tuner

48、that was developed for the TS-570. Since there is no variable capacitor, gears or other rotating parts, this antenna tuner is very responsive and trouble-free. Thanks also to the several preset memories supplied for each band, you can instantly call up settings when moving up or down a band. You can

49、 see the 200W and 100W final sections in Figs. 4 and 5, respectively. 12 Fig. 4: 200W final section Fig. 5: 100W final section with antenna tuner 13 FM circuit There were two approaches used for the FM circuit of the conventional all-mode transceiver. Either there was a dedicated modulation circuit using a 10.695MHz crystal, or the modulation was performed by the VCO on the 2nd OSC. The latter was not an option for the TS-480, and since the whole transceiver had to be compact, we did not adopt the former approa