TS-440S_review_CQ_1988.pdf

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1、oo o TheKenwoodTS-440S TransceiverPartI BYJOHNJ.SCHULTZ,W4FA/SVDDX TheTS-44OSis asharp-lookingtransceiverinaverysmallpackage. This monthW4FA presents the firstpart ofhisreviewoftheKenwoodTS-440s HF transceiver.Part I focusesonthe techni calspecificationsofthismoderately priced(ig. Everynowand then I

2、havetositbackin awe10consider the tremendous develop- mentofHFtransceiversover the past de- cade. That reflective mood certainly set in when I initially studied the Kenwood TS-440 S. The front panel of the unit measures onlyabout 1OJ?by4inches,and,yet,itisa full fledged lOQ-watt-output class trans-

3、ceiverwithall bandcoverage,dual VFOs, 100 memory channels. general coverage receive, etc. There iseven space in the unit for an optional automa- tic antenna tuner!Ithought some of the advanced (and extremely expensive) mi- litaryHFtransceivers that Ive seen over the years had sophisticated features

4、that amateur radio would never see, but that is no longer the case. General Table1presents the technical specifi- cations for the T$-440 in rather exhaus- tive detail. I realize that some readers tendtoregard specification presenta- tions as superfluous. But fortroseof us who aremoreinterested in th

5、e technical side of things, theydomakeinteresting reading. Also,itsthe type of presentation most manufacturersdonot include in their advertisements for reasons ranging from spaceavailabilityto the lackof itsat- tention capturing potential. I would say that the TS-4405presents itself as acompact, lig

6、ht-weight trans- ceiverwithtechnical specifications in some areas just a shadebelowwhat one would expect in a twice-as-expensive top-of-the-line transceiver. Circuitry Fig.1shows a block diagramlorthe ctoCQmagazine 24CQDecember1987 T$-440S. Although it is a sophisticated and complex transceiver as f

7、ar as its cir- cuitry isconcerned, itisnttoodillicultto get at least a basic ideaofwhat happens inside of it. In the receive mode (note the antenna switchposition in the upper left corner of fig.1)the incoming single is routed through a switchableattenuator and low-pass filter toanyoneof ten di- ode

8、s switched high-pass filters. Then it goestothe firstAXmixer (not to a pream- plifier) and is translated to the lirst lF fre- quency of 45.05 Mhz. Only then does the signal encounter an amplifier stage,05. The signal is then further translated in the secondAXmixertothe second IF of 8.83 MHz and filt

9、ered. A thirdAXmixer translates the signal to the final IFof455 kHz,where it is again filtered. Depending upon whether the AM, 5SBICW or FM mode of reception has been chosen, the 455-kHz signal is further amplified and routedto various detectors.Theoutput of each detector passes through a variable A

10、F type notch IiIter, and the squelch cir- cuitryis active in all modes. Also, in all modes, some elaborate AGC loops are active goingback tothe various IF amplifiers. One thing to note is that the only point atwhichootionattnterscanbeinstalled is in the 8.83 MHz IF chain. A 2.2-kHz SSBICW filter is

11、standard. and. as an0p- non.onecanadd either a l _ 8-(narrow)or 2.4-(wide)kHzSSBfilter andeithera 270- (narrow) or 500- (wide) Hz CW filter. That is, onecanadd one optional SSB filter and/or one optional CW filter. On the transmit side,thingsstart out in the lower right hand corner of fig.1with them

12、icrophone input signal. Thesignal is routed through an AF type compressor circuit and then to a balanced mixer (IC5) operating at the 455-kHz IF. By looping the DSB signalbackto the 4550kHz re- ceive chain filters, the TS-440 forms A SSBsignal. Following the signal through the first, second and thir

13、dTXmixers.wenote that the signal is translated to the output fre- quency and brought up to thel00-wall output level in the Final Unit. The signal from there is routed throughanyoneof six relay-switched low-pass filters before going to the optional antenna tuner unit. Theother major circuits inthe TS

14、-440S are concerned with frequency genera- tion, displays, timing forRXfTXswitching and, of course, the all-important micro- processor based control unit. There are twopoints that mightbeofinterest in all that complexcircuitry. All functions are referencedbackto a single 36-MHz mas- ter crystal osci

15、llator. Second, there is a back-upbatteryfor the microprocessor soit retains memory. The battery is a lith- ium type which Kenwood says should last five years. Kenwood recommends that Say You SawIt InCO -, Fig.1-Block diagramofthe KenwoodTS-44OS. , , I,7 Ii. ,.711 s IIIj !I I . . , I !, , ,j ,j r I

16、I I I I I Say You Saw It In CO December 1987CO2S -1 -1 T5-44O$ lesS1tI2.S ,V tess.n1,1,1 les. .n4,.1,1 l essMn0.25,1,1 les.,25,1,1 l e.,13,1,1 les. tho40,1,1 les. tan 2.S ,V lesshan0.7,1,1 22Vi 4.4kH, 6kH, 18kH, 2kH, 2SkH, e,50dB More,nan70dB ,SO dB More,70dB les.s lnan20V t._10,.1,1 tes.s _20V tes.

17、s ,.2V lesslnan32.1,1 lessnan1 10 100kH,10JOMH, More _0.9kH, Morenan1kH, More ,.20dBI.,1 SkH 1 More,26dB-. 01,. aol 21012191mm 961108lmm JIJIJJo;lmm 7.Jkg1161hI 63k91139, 18to20MHl JS04 0MiHl 7.007.J.H, 0.1010.15folH, 140014 35H , 18068018168!.Mi, 2101021.45H , 248910H 99H , 28 010297MHI 200W PEP 11

18、0W PEP 1.9A 10 10 SOC(.140.122 6 f l SkH, 4000 2600H. sao_10 SO kll TroPecon., suPMe,od,. Ile.ac-tarce .,.,., t_.mocIuIt., tes.s-40dB More _40 dB (1.5kH,relM More _SO dB I, 1 5 kH el., l SB IA3JI.USB IA3JI. CW IA11. AM ,JI. FMIfJI. FSK IFlI 2010 1SOohms(Tn, onIyl 12016voe(1J.8voeee.,ncel Neg,- 1 S W

19、8COU8otwno_.,Q1i,_lon,1 141016.11011._M_I , I -I I -+ - 16to JOMHI - leu_1.0 1- 10 05OCl _-=_-.J 11,nno.-, .,. T._ 10 dBSIIII Table 1 - Kenwood TS440Sspecifications. lSB. US8CW 100kH/o1 6MH, 1IS030H, t- If l SB USB, CW, f SI ,.,10dIISIIII t , IOuTPut ISeleclw,. I:=:,:.-c. I - I1,l;c.0l)I0ne;P8larce

20、Ceu (pet.ong,.ute , 0.( IoncIuIn ._- F.-.:V_ iJ . IfM1 .,2d8SIIII.OI USBCW,FSK t.: ,-_t _1: T100kH,0 1 6MH 1.6 030MHz Credit card CUltomtlflcan orderby phone,24 hOUria day.7dayl aweek. Toll-Free:1-800-328-0609 VIDEORECORDERWITH WIRELESSREMOTE Anational retailcham orderedtoomany01 theseAKAJMooelVS-30

21、3U VCRs Result: Wemade arrangementsW itha dlstnbutor tootler them at alOWliquidationprice! Nowd;scover theIfnillandconvenienceof recording/viewingTVbroadcastsor watching rentalrTlOVteSal home. 32 FunctIOn Wireless Remotelor Across-rre-gcomControl. Uses 2 AK Celtsncluded)_ e lnteracbve MomtorSystem M

22、ak.es Pro- grammingEasyWithOn-Screen TV Guidance.MemoryBackup. One-TouchRecordmgConvenience. 2-Speed Record, 3-Speed Playback. VoltagesvoeesneeElectronicTuning 4-Evenl 4-WeekProgrammableTimer. Feather-Touch Controls, ClockDisplay. 105 Channel Gable-Ready.U.LUsted 16Station Preset Electronic Tuning.

23、Black Case: 4Hx17Wx 140. 9O-DayUmitedFactoryWarranty on ParUand Labor. M .u.tPric. . . .5599.95 Uqud.,o.$288 PricedAt. Item H28197212574 Shipping. handling: $9.00 each PlulSoc Ins.ChargeptIfOrdtlf. - SENOro: I.11 Auu-tz.dLiqtOfI 1 1tOS XU.N/ Minnto.pok,MN 5S441-U 9.tI I._UIVHSVCResH28111125145288I -

24、.c!pIutS8MC/lbtrooP.-.geu._,_,IiI 1-1Illo.-.seweecoo0K oror_senc:_-ysI Ior_byc,-I ICHECI(OOOOI IA.cclE.q,/I IPlEASEPlINTCl,I.RlYI 1-I 1-.I II Is-PnoneZIPI I._I .-_. PIe-.,.,.1.-lnoui,directly, 26co December1987SayYouSawItInCO , I I I I I! , I! I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I - . .,.-; .-j

25、,t I.,. .,- - ,- j - _H,: i ,II L C_i.-J.J I ., -. -, I - ,., jJC fII H .-11 eration. Plenty of connectors are used throughout. There shouldnt be any prob- lem in getting at anyPCboard, although itshardly a playground for inexperi- enced technicians. The size of the heatsink is impressive. Also,the

26、location of the internal fan isuni- que in that it is located fairly well inside the transceiver. Externally, thetintsnis excellent. All of the various knobs and switches are well proportioned. TheVOX controls are screwdriver adjustable and located on therear panel. Only one switch is located on the

27、 top cover area, and it controls the selection for VOX on/off in the phone modes and the se- lection for semi- or full break-in in the CWmode. Measurements The T8-4408 is conservatively speci- fied. The power output, using a P8-50 power supply, wasatleast 100wallson all bands. Using the P8-50 supply

28、 the transceiver was tested key-down for over an hour without any decreaseInpower output! The power output can be varied continuously by acarriercontrol on all modes except88B. The latter may present asmall problem when using a linear amplifier which does not have an ALC feedback connectionto the T8

29、-4408, IIs true that one can reduce the microphone gain on the T8-4408 to reduce thePEPoutput drive to a linear, but then one also loses the compression ALookInside Thephotographsgiveaninterior glimpse of the transceiver. IfIwas awed looking at the exterior of the unit, I was doubly impressed when l

30、ooking inside it. IIs a smallgemof fine construction. There isplenty of shielding, and the basic frame looks like it can take the ruggea type of usage associated with mobileop- AFewCircuitsofInterest Fig, 2 shows part of the RF Unit block and the front-end of the T8-4408. Its quite an interesting tr

31、ent-endwithex- tensive fixed low-pass filtering, switch- able high-pass titters and the use of dou- ble-balanced mixers. Follow the heavy line signat input starling at J14, Fig 3shows the Final Unit or AF poweramplifier. Fig, 4 shows the optional antenna tuner unit. Again, this is a new design as co

32、mpared to the automatic tuner in the T89408 (probably made necessary by space restraints in the T8-4408)_The cir- cuitry is still that of aT network tuner, although the actual tuner AF compo- nents(lower left)are almost lost inthe de- tail of the controlcircuitry.M1and M2 (upper right) actually turn

33、VC1and VC2, Iheyoradealer replace the battery, Once itis replaced, however. reset of the mi- croprocessor is extremely simple using only front panel switches. One then only has to enter whatever frequencies into memory again one wants to store. Fig.2-Partofthefrontendof/heT$-44OS.AntennainputisatJ14

34、 (upper left). Note the extensive useofinput filtering, the useofbalanced mixersandthe lackofanRF amplifier stage. 28CODecember1987SayYou SawItInco FINAL UN IT(X4-j470-001 I -, - .,I . !If - C. ,. 1 8:r.-rf . .f-.;.=-, ., ;1 0r .,. -I. ., .,. IL-._- - - ! ! .- ., , .,.00 ! .n 01,V_, f 02.: -0)110 O

35、: . , . ,. Ii. . tIL=-1 , 50 o U201, 01. 1UCI_ o_ ,Sls(l . r 0 1101_I j 01nUI I, O. Fig.3-T5-4405 finalamplifierstage. The fanisthermallycontrolledbythe heat sink temperature. Various external circuits provideprotectionfor the finalamplifierin caseofhigh5WR. effect of the ALe loop within the trans-

36、ceiver. Third orderIMOproductswere about -30dBwhichis a bit better than specified andpertectablvacceptable. The AT-440automaticantennatuner was testedwithsimulatedresistive loads representing SWRsofupto 1:4andit performedperfectlyon all bands(8Q.1O meters). Tune-uplimewasrarelymore than10seconds. Al

37、though the T5-4405 covers160meters.the AT-440Sonlyex- tendsdownto80meters. Anexternal tunermaybeneeded on 160meters. On theotherhand. if the T5-4405 ismodified forHFMAR5coverage, theAT-440 operates anywhere in the3.5-29.9MHz range. Harmonic and spuriousoutputs wereatleast50to-70 dB down refer- enced

38、to fullcarrieroutputlevel. The T5-4405providesexceptional re- ceiveperformance. It has a clean.quiet background noiseaspectto it. Thisdirect mixingsystemdoesproduceresults.Mi- nimumdiscemabtesensitivitywasahair over 0.03 uV (-137 dBm). and thatcom- bined with ablocking sensitivityof-33 dBmmadetheblo

39、ckingdynamicrange comeout to -104dBm(500Hzbandwidth. HAPPY HOLIDAYS THANKSTOALLOURCUSTOMERS;tupL- SayYou SawIt In CODecember 1987CO29 -.:. .uuu. .: :;i . .- -. .,-.- I . :;:t1: :.ln: o. ! :. -,;. 0000 , I I I ow . . I I I . , ! .0., - ., . ;eJ , . , . . , ,. . . . c;.l. ,.-r,., . 0 -!u, !;-,L. , I _

40、.,.,Iih- OT.I:- .,t-t ;:-;J, _ ) g*2 Kg .?FlI= 01-. .oo.-:- ,oOti. ; 0ij;,.,_,_. r-t.,., 0000.; T., , rr-J II I I 1 I I I I _. , J I . ,Iw-_. -., o o -., .,. . . . o - , 0 ,. . I - o o , I 0 - H . a H ,. I . iT ;. , J o I , f- ;- _. .,. , . . . . .,.0. I I , , u ; ,. o o , o . , , , , o - o .- -_.2j

41、.1 , , 30CODecember 1987 Say You SawItIn c o Looking inside the topofthetransceiveronecanseetwoop- tional filters installed on the right sideofthe large PC board. Onemotorfor the verycompactautomaticantenna tunerisin thelowerright. Themaincoolingfan islocatedinsidejustbe fore thepoweramplifiercompar

42、tmentandthe massive heat sink. Lookingatthebottominsideofthe TS-44OSonecansee an- othermotor(lower left)forthe antennatunerandmostofthe tunershousing.Anotherlarge PCboardin themiddlecontains various RF.AF.andfrequency generation functions. The re- laysandcoilsin theupperportion of the photograph are

43、 asso- ciatedwith the low-pass titteringassemblyfollowing thepower amplifier. Theconstructionisfirst-rate ineverysense. 20 kHz signal spacing on 20 meters). The thirdcoerintercept point is an ex- cellent+14 - 15dB. Not all of the sensi- tivity/frequencyrangespecifications were checked but spot check

44、s indicate that most are as claimed. Tuning rate is 10 kHz per revolution in thesse,CW and FSK modes and increasesto50 kHzlre- vofuuonin theAMand FM modes.Pre- quencvreadout is to 100 Hz, but a simple internal modification(cullinga wire) will extend the readout another digit to 10Hz. TheRlland XIT o

45、ffsets, when used. are displayed separately. Filterspecificationsmeasuredas claimed. Table I lists the specifications for the standard filters,while TableIIlists the specifications for the available op- tional filters.Afinal pleasant surprise, when I had the TS-440S on a test bench, was to discover

46、that theSmeter pro- videsrealisticreadings!S9 is just a shade under 50 uV and Sl represents 0.6 uV(measurements on 20 meters). Nextmonth W4FA finishes his review of the T5-4405 withhis impressions ofhow well it measuresup to its promises. He also looks at the matching P5-50 heavy dutypowersupply.OOI

47、 YKBBCCWFilTER Centerfrequency Passbandw idth Attenuationbandwidth Guaranteed attenuation 8,830.7kHz 500Hzl-6dBI 1.5 kHz 1-60dB) Morethan80dB YKBBSN SSBNARROWFilTER Center frequency8,830.0kHz Passbandwidth1.8kHz ( - 6 dBI Attenuationbandwidth3.3kHz( - 60d8) GuaranteedattenuationMorethan80dB YK-88CNC

48、WNARROWFILTER Centerfrequency8.830.7kHz Passbandwirlth270Hz(-6 dB) Attenuationbandwidth.1.1kHz ( -60dBI GuaranteedattenuationMore than80dB YK-88SSSB FILTER Centerfrequency Passbandwidth Attenuationbandwidth Guaranteedattenuation B,B30.0kHz 2.4 kHz (-6dB) 4 .2 kHz (-60 dB) M ore than80dB 32CQDecember 1987 Table1/-Specificationsfortheoptional filters. SayYouSawItIn CQ - oo o TheKenwood TS-440STransceiverPartII BY JOHN J.SCHULTZ,W4FAlSVDDX La