Ten-Tec_Orion-2_566_user_2006.pdf

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1、566 manualVersion 4 October 2006 Part #74410 Printed in USA 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS1 Chapter 1 YOUR NEW ORION II ORION II ANOTHER STEP FORWARD IN TEN-TEC INNOVATION4 UNPACKING YOUR NEW ORION II4 ABOUT THIS MANUAL4 CONNECTING A POWER SUPPLY5 A WORD ABOUT GROUNDING5 HOW IS ORION II DIFFE

2、RENT FROM OTHER HIGH-PERFORMANCE HF TRANSCEIVERS?5 FREQUENCY STABILITY NOTES6 Chapter 2 ORION II FRONT AND REAR PANEL CONTROLS AND THEIR FUNCTIONS ANALOG METER7 (1) POWER7 (2 7) ANTENNA ASSIGNMENTS7 (8 13) VFO ASSIGNMENTS8 (14) MIC9 (15) PHONES10 (16) CW10 (17) PWR11 (18) MON11 (19) SP11 (20) SEND F

3、UNCTIONS11 (21) USER 1 AND USER 212 (22) RECALL12 (23) NB13 (24) NR13 (25) NOTCH14 (26) AN14 (27) MODE14 (28) PREAMP14 (29) RF GAIN15 (30) SPOT15 (31) STEP15 (32) SWEEP15 (33) AGC15 (34) ATTN16 (35) MENUS16 (36) AUDIO16 (37) VOX18 (38) S-TONE18 (39) MIC18 (40) TUNE19 ALC19 BARGRAPH19 (41) PBT/BW ENC

4、ODER20 (42) MULTI ENCODER20 (43) HI CUT LO CUT20 (44) MAIN AF ENCODER21 (45) SUB AF ENCODER21 (46) RIT/XIT ENCODER21 (47) MAIN TUNING KNOB “A”21 (48) RIT21 566 manualVersion 4 October 2006 Part #74410 Printed in USA 2 (49) VFO AM21 (50) and (51) LCK22 (52) VFO BM22 (53) XIT22 (54) MAIN TUNING KNOB “

5、B”22 (55) SUB RX22 (56) MAIN RX22 (57) FREQUENCY ENTRY AND BAND CHANGE BUTTONS22 (58) VFO A ENTER22 (59) VFO B ENTER23 (60) AB, BA, A/B23 (61) ANT 124 (62) ANT 224 (63) DC IN24 (64) FUSE 25 A24 (65) GND24 (66) AMP KEY 125 (67) TX OUT 1 / TX EN 125 (68) AMP KEY 225 (69) TX OUT 2 / TX EN 226 (70) +13.

6、8 VDC26 (71) AUX RX26 (72) XVRT KEY26 (73) XVRT RF26 (74) LINE OUT26 (75) SPARE26 (76) BAND DATA 126 (77) BAND DATA 226 (78) EXT SPKR27 (79) KEY27 (80) AUX I/O27 (81) REMOTE28 (82) SERIAL DATA28 Chapter 3 MENU SYSTEM (TX) TX MENU29 (CW) CW MENU30 (VOX) VOX MENU31 (RX) RX MENU32 (OTHER) OTHER MENU33

7、(SSB) SSB MENU34 (FILTR) FILTER MENU35 Chapter 4 OPERATION AND ACCESSORY CONNECTION EXAMPLES BASIC TRANSCEIVE OPERATION37 OPERATING SPLIT FREQUENCY37 OPERATING THE AUTOMATIC ANTENNA TUNER (IF INSTALLED)38 CONNECTING AN EXTERNAL LINEAR AMPLIFIER38 TUNING UP AN EXTERNAL LINEAR AMPLIFIER39 FACTORS THAT

8、 AFFECT THE SOUND OF SSB TRANSMIT AUDIO AND THEIR ADJUSTMENT39 SETTING UP ORION II FOR AM TRANSMIT42 FSK OPERATION42 TRANSVERTER HOOKUPS42 566 manualVersion 4 October 2006 Part #74410 Printed in USA 3 DIVERSITY RECEPTION43 WEAK SIGNAL DX RECEPTION AND CONTEST OPERATION AND THE ORION II44 EXTERNAL CW

9、 OUTPUT PLUS CW KEYER OPERATION FROM PADDLES48 DRAG ADJUSTMENT FOR MAIN TUNING KNOBS “A” AND “B”48 INSTALLATION OF OPTIONAL CRYSTAL ROOFING FILTERS48 MASTER RESET49 UPDATING ORION II OVER THE INTERNET49 TROUBLESHOOTING50 Chapter 5 SPECIFICATIONS AND TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION SPECIFICATIONS52 HARDWARE IN

10、FORMATION56 SUBASSEMBLY LOCATION56 SIGNAL PATH MAIN RECEIVER56 SIGNAL PATH SUBRECEIVER57 SIGNAL PATH TRANSMITTER57 BLOCK DIAGRAMS AND CABLE ROUTING58 CE DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY64 566 manualVersion 4 October 2006 Part #74410 Printed in USA 4 Chapter 1 YOUR NEW ORION II ORION II ANOTHER STEP FORWARD

11、 IN TEN-TEC INNOVATION The Ten-Tec ORION II represents the most innovative HF transceiver ever created for amateur radio use. Our aim in designing and producing this radio was to meet the demands of increasingly intense competition in DX and contesting, while adding many non- performance related fea

12、tures that the active ham can also appreciate. The features and performance ORION II brings to ham radio will enhance HF radio contacts of all sorts, while opening new possibilities for amateur radio operation. ORION II offers world-class reception and transmission of CW, SSB, digital modes, FM, and

13、 AM on all 10 HF amateur bands, plus excellent general coverage reception via the second (sub) receiver from 100 kHz to 30 MHz. UNPACKING YOUR NEW ORION II Examine ORION II for signs of shipping damage. Should any damage be apparent, notify the delivering carrier immediately, stating the full extent

14、 of the damage. Retain all damaged cartons. Liability for shipping damage rests with the carrier. We recommend that you keep the carton and fillers in the event that storage, moving, or shipment becomes necessary. The following hardware and accessories come standard with your ORION II. Make sure tha

15、t you have not overlooked anything. QtyPart #Description 1#27074Mini-ATC Blade Fuse, 25 Amp. 1#35003Phono Plug 1#353638-pin Microphone Connector 1#352418 pin DIN plug 1#351652-pin Power Connector Shell 2#41020Female Power Pins 1#35017Phone Plug, 3- circuit 1#35331Shell, Band Data Plug 15#41068Band D

16、ata Plug Pins 1#38040.050 Hex Wrench 1#38088.062 Hex Wrench 1#38313T10 Torx Wrench 1#46172Serial Cable 1#46176Accessory Cable. 5-pin DIN to phono female 1#74020Warranty Card 1#74410Users Manual 1#86095DC Power Cord Figure 1-1 ORION II Packing Kit ABOUT THIS MANUAL The ORION II is a firmware updateab

17、le transceiver. Features and functions on the transceiver may change as time passes when new firmware revisions are issued via Ten-Tecs firmware download website. The latest version of the ORION II manual is posted in .pdf format on the ORION II section of the Ten-Tec website at .Version 4 of this m

18、anual, dated October 2006 is current through version 2.037j of the transceiver firmware. Schematic diagrams are not included in this manual but are available for download from the firmware website. This manual was written by Scott E. Robbins, W4PA. 566 manualVersion 4 October 2006 Part #74410 Printe

19、d in USA 5 CONNECTING A POWER SUPPLY The ORION II transceiver requires a source of well-filtered and regulated DC voltage. The supply voltage can range from +12.8 to +15.0 Vdc but +13.8 Vdc is the optimum value. The voltage source must be capable of supplying 22 amperes continuous duty. We recommend

20、 using the included DC power cable (P/N 86095). We have also included spare connector pins (P/N 41020) and a spare 2 pin power connector shell (P/N 35165) for building your own cable. The power supply plug will attach in only one direction to the polarized two-pin DC connector on the ORION II rear p

21、anel. Use no less than #14 gauge (#12 recommended) stranded wires for three-foot long connections to accommodate the required current demand during transmit. Use heavier gauge wire for longer power supply leads. NOTE: always enable the power source first and then the transceiver. If a generator or a

22、lternator supports the dc source, always turn off the transceiver before starting or shutting off the dc source equipment. These recharging devices often generate large voltage spikes that can damage the transceiver. A WORD ABOUT GROUNDING A good ground system is essential for optimum operation of a

23、ny HF transmitter. The best solution is to connect all the station equipment chassis together using a heavy gauge of flat ground braid. Use a short length of braid to connect to a ground rod. If you are not using a linear amplifier, a less ideal ground may suffice. A ground connection to a copper co

24、ld water pipe was often suitable, but that is now a violation of the National Electrical Code.Be aware that many modern water connections use plastic pipe, and are not suitable ground connections. Antenna type and its proximity to the station are also factors in choosing ground methods. With good re

25、sonant antennas located away from the station, the AC ground in your house wiring might be adequate. HOW IS ORION II DIFFERENT FROM OTHER HIGH-PERFORMANCE HF TRANSCEIVERS? ORION II is different from HF transceivers that have come before it The original ORION transceiver pioneered the use of mode-app

26、ropriate selectable crystal roofing filters at the first I-F stage plus DSP bandwidth filtering at the third I-F stage. The ORION II features an even more advanced roofing filter stage than the original ORION for optimum receiver performance. The mode-appropriate roofing filters used in the ORION II

27、 main receiver are the centerpiece of the radios performance. It is common for radio designers to be able to produce a receiver that exhibits in excess of 100 dB of available dynamic range. What is not common is the ability to protect superior receiver design from being compromised by real-life on-b

28、and factors (i.e. loud close by signals). Mode-appropriate roofing filters keep close by loud signals from having a negative impact on receiver performance.A typical high performance HF transceiver is equipped with a 15 to 20 kHz wide roofing filter at the first I-F stage. Any signal that appears un

29、der the 15 to 20 kHz roofing filter, even if you do not hear it in your receiver passband, has the potential to compromise receiver performance. Loss of dynamic range, third-order intercept or the receiver breaking into non-linearity (distortion) are possible results. When dynamic range and third-or

30、der intercept are compromised, the ability to copy weak signals is also compromised. The typical 100 dB dynamic range high performance HF radio, in the presence of loud signals a few kHz above or a few kHz below the targeted receiver frequency, could lose a significant amount of the available 100 dB

31、 of range! Why? Because those loud signals under the 15 to 20 kHz wide roofing filter have had a negative impact on the overall performance of the receiver. 566 manualVersion 4 October 2006 Part #74410 Printed in USA 6 If a mode-appropriate roofing filter is substituted for the 15 or 20 kHz wide roo

32、fing filter at the first I-F, the result is that close by loud signals do not compromise dynamic range or third-order intercept point. A 2.4 kHz crystal filter will not allow loud signals that are 3 or 5 kHz away from the target frequency to compromise the overall performance of the receiver. This i

33、s where every other HF transceiver that has come before ORION II is deficient. Imagine how much worse the receiver performance of a competitors radio can be in the presence of many loud signals across the band (like in a major contest). ORION II is equipped with a total of seven available crystal ro

34、ofing filter slots. Four of the seven crystal roofing filters are standard; three are optional. The standard roofing filters included are 20 kHz, 6 kHz, 2.4 kHz, and 1 kHz. Optional filters are available at 1.8 kHz (model 2000), 600 Hz (model 2001) and 300 Hz (model 2002). Note that the 20 kHz and 6

35、 kHz roofing filters are of limited utility for maintaining the overall receiver performance level of a high end HF transceiver like ORION II. They were included only because AM and FM operation would require them, and because some operators with an interest in “hi- fidelity” SSB audio will require

36、receiver bandwidths higher than the typical 2.4 kHz communications grade roofing bandwidth would allow. Certainly the use of either a 20 kHz or 6 kHz wide roofing filter has the potential to allow overall receiver performance (dynamic range and third-order intercept point) to be seriously compromise

37、d by loud close by signals. For serious receiver use, like weak signal DXing and contesting, a much smaller roofing bandwidth than 20 or 6 kHz is necessary. In ORION II for SSB use, it can be as little as 1.8 kHz for roofing. For CW, it can be as little as 300 Hz, depending on the installation of op

38、tional filters. For some recommended real-world examples of how roofing filters affect overall receiver performance, please look at recent ARRL Product Reviews from QST magazine where dynamic range and third-order intercept are measured at 20 kHz and 5 kHz signal spacings. For our competitors transc

39、eivers, the 5 kHz spacing numbers are always significantly worse than the 20 kHz spacing numbers this is because of the presence of test signals under a 15 to 20 kHz wide roofing filter vs. outside the filter. FREQUENCY STABILITY NOTES Optimal frequency stability in multi- conversion super-heterodyn

40、e receivers like ORION II is a function of design. It is affected by the choice of high or low-side placements for the various local oscillators. All local oscillators are first locked to a 1 part-per-million master TCXO. In the ORION II, only the 1stand 2ndlocal oscillators have a significant effec

41、t on the frequency stability. The 3rdLO (and subsequent frequency translations in the DSP) contribute only sub-Hz temperature drift and can be essentially ignored. The first LO (developed by the PLL) is placed approximately 9 MHz above the operating frequency. It tracks the 1 ppm drift of the TCXO,

42、so its maximum frequency error is 10.8 to 39 Hz for operating 1.8 to 30 MHz respectively. To cancel most of this error, the second LO is then placed below the 9 MHz first IF at a fixed frequency of approximately 8.545 MHz (locked to the same TCXO). With this low-side placement of the second LO, the

43、frequency drift in the 455 kHz second IF is the difference between the two LO errors or 10.8 - 8.545 Hz = 2.255 Hz. This is 1.25ppm 1.8 MHz over the entire temperature range of the TCXO. Conservatively specifying a TCXO with a larger temperature range than required results in an overall frequency st

44、ability of better than 1 ppm over 0 to 50C. As most ORION IIs are used at room temperature your real world stability is substantially better than 1 ppm at any operating frequency. 566 manualVersion 4 October 2006 Part #74410 Printed in USA 7 Chapter 2 ORION II FRONT AND REAR PANEL CONTROLS AND THEIR

45、 FUNCTIONS Chapter 2 of the ORION II manual covers the various controls and connectors on the front and rear panels, with an explanation of the each control and how it is used for operation of the radio. ANALOG METER An analog meter is provided at the upper left hand side of the front of the transce

46、iver. In receive, the meter shows S-units of signal strength for the main receiver. In transmit, the meter shows approximate output power (+/- 5%). The power meter is a sampling-type meter and will stay more or less constant when sampling power output, particularly when the transceiver is used in CW

47、 mode. A separate bar graph S-meter for the subreceiver is present on the radio screen. (1) POWER This button turns the transceiver on and off. (2 7) ANTENNA ASSIGNMENTS The two columns of antenna selection keys (numbered 2 through 7 in the figure above) allow the assignment of up to three connected

48、 antennas to each of the two receivers. The most common arrangement would be to have a single antenna connected to ANT 1 used by either the main receiver only, or by the main receiver and the subreceiver both. Buttons 2, 4 and 6, as shown above, allow ANT 1, ANT 2 or RX ANT to be connected to the ma

49、in receiver. To connect an antenna attached to the transceiver via the ANT 1 rear panel jack to the main receiver, press button 2 shown above. The amber LED embedded in the button will light, indicating the main receiver is now connected to ANT 1. Pressing button 4 as shown above will connect the main receiver to ANT 2. When either of the ANT 1 or ANT 2 buttons in the MAIN RX/TX column is lit, a receive only antenna can be substituted for the receive side of ANT 1 or ANT 2 by pushing button 6 as shown in Figure 2-1. Example: With button 2 or button 4 lit, press