BOONTON 51011 Power Sensor Operation 电路图.pdf

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1、Revision Date: 10/03 MANUAL P/N 98501900C CD P/N 98501999C DATE 12/02 POWER SENSOR MANUAL Boonton Electronics A Subsidiary of Noise/Com - A Wireless Telecom Group Company 25 Eastmans Road Parsippany, NJ 07054-0465 Web Site: Email: Telephone: 973-386-9696 Fax: 973-386-9191 RadioFans.CN 收音机爱 好者资料库 Rad

2、ioFans.CN 收音机爱 好者资料库 Contents Power Sensor Manuali ParagraphPage 1Introduction 1-1Overview1 1-2Sensor Trade-offs1 1-3Calibration and Traceability3 2Power Sensor Characteristics5 3 Power Sensor Uncertainty Factors 15 4 Low Frequency Response 24 and Standing-Wave-Ratio (SWR) Data 5 Pulsed RF Power 28

3、5-1 Pulsed RF Power Operation 28 5-2 Pulsed RF Operation Thermocouple Sensors 29 5-3 Pulsed RF Operation Diode Sensors 30 6 Calculating Measurement Uncertainty 31 6-1 Measurement Accuracy 31 6-2 Error Contributions 32 6-3 Discussion of Error Terms 32 6.4 SampleUuncertainty Calucations 37 7 Warranty

4、43 . RadioFans.CN 收音机爱 好者资料库 Figures FigurePage 1-1Error Due to AM Modulation (Diode Sensor)2 1-2Linearity Traceability3 1-3Calibration Factor Traceability4 4-1 Model 51071 Low Frequency Response 24 4-2 Model 51072 Low Frequency Response 24 4-3 Model 51075 Low Frequency Response 25 4-4 Model 51071 S

5、WR Data 25 4-5 Model 51072 SWR Data 25 4-6 Model 51075 SWR Data 26 4-7 Model 51078 SWR Data 26 4-8 Model 51100 SWR Data 26 4-9 Model 51101 SWR Data 27 4-10 Model 51102 SWR Data 27 5-1 Pulsed RF Operation 28 5-2 Pulsed Accuracy for Thermocouple Sensors 29 5-3 Pulsed Accuracy for Diode Sensors 30 6-1

6、Mismatch Uncertainty 35 Tables Table Page 2-1Dual Diode and Thermal Sensor Characteristics5 2-2 Peak Power Sensor Characteristics 8 2-3 Legacy Diode CW Sensor Characteristics 10 2-4 Legacy Waveguide Sensor Characteristics 12 2-5 Legacy Peak Power Sensor Characteristics 14 3-1 Diode average (CW) powe

7、r, peak power, dynamic range, pulse timing, waveform viewing, and calculation of statistical power distribution functions. Figure 1-1. Error Due to AM Modulation (Diode Sensor) Note:The error shown is the error above and beyond the normal power increase that results from modulation. Error (dB) -30-2

8、0-100+10+20 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 10% AM Modulation 3% AM Modulation 100% AM Modulation Peak Detecting Region Square-Law Region Carrier Level (dBm) 1-3 Calibration and Traceability Boonton employs both a linearity calibration as well as a frequency response calibration. This maximizes

9、the performance of Diode Sensors and corrects the non-linearity on all ranges. Linearity calibration can be used to extend the operating range of a Diode Sensor. It can also be used to correct non-linearity throughout a sensors dynamic range, either Thermocouple or Diode. A unique traceability benef

10、it offered is the use of the 30 MHz working standard. This is used to perform the linearization. This standard is directly traceable to the 30 MHz piston attenuator maintained at the National Institute of Standards Technology (NIST). Refer to Figure 1-2. Linearity Traceability. NIST Microcalorimeter

11、 NIST Piston Attenuator 0 dBm Test Set Fixed Attenuators 30 MHz Working Standard Linearity Calibration Meter above +14 dBm for sensor 51015; above +24 dBm for sensor 51033 3) Power Linearity Uncertainty at 50 MHz: 10 dBm: 1% for 51011, 51012, 51013, 51015, and 51033 sensors. 10 to 20 dBm: 1% for 510

12、15 and 51033 sensors; 3% for 51011, 51012 and 51013 sensors. 20 to 33 dBm: 3% for 51015 and 51033 sensors. 30 to 37 dBm: 3% for 51078 sensor. 4) Power Linearity Uncertainty 30/50 MHz. -30 to -10 dBm: 6% (0.27 dB), -10 to +10 dBm: 4% (0.18 dB) 5) Temperature influence: 0.02 dB/C ( 0 to 25C), 0.01 dB/

13、C (25 to 55C) 6) Temperature influence: 0.03 dB/C (0 to 55C) 7) Temperature influence: -30 to -10 dBm: 0.03 dB/C, -10 to +10 dBm: 0.01 dB/C (0 to 55C) 8) Not available on 4200 series. Power Sensor Manual11 Model Frequency Range Dynamic Range Overload Rating Maximum SWR Drift and Noise Lowest Range T

14、able 2-3. Legacy Diode CW Sensor Characteristics (cont.) Noise DUAL DIODE SENSORS DC COUPLED SINGLE DIODE SENSORS Impedance(Ref. Freq.) (2) Drift RF ConnectorCW PowerFrequency SWRafter 2 hr.RMS2 (dBm)(GHz)(/hr)(typical) 51035 (4K)18 GHz-50 to +10100 mW18 to 26.51.45200 pW60 pW120 pW WR-42to 26.5 GHz

15、 (1) UG-595/U 51036 (4KA)26.5 GHz-50 to +10100 mW26.5 to 401.4560 pW15 pW30 pW WR-28to 40 GHz (1) UG-599/U 51037 (4Q)33 GHz-50 to +10100 mW33 to 501.4560 pW15 pW30 pW WR-22to 50 GHz UG-383/U 51045 (4U)40 GHz-50 to +10100 mW40 to 601.4560 pW15 pW30 pW WR-19to 60 GHz UG-383/U 51046 (4V)50 GHz-50 to +1

16、0100 mW50 to 751.4560 pW15 pW30 pW WR-15to 75 GHz UG-385/U 51047 (4W)75 GHz-45 to +10100 mW75 to 1001.4560 pW15 pW30 pW WR-10to 100 GHz UG-387/U 51136 (4Ka)26.5-40 to +1050 mW26.5 to 401.45100 pW60 pW120 pW WR-28to 40 GHz (UG-599/U)(33 GHz) 51236 (4Ka)26.5-50 to +1050 mW26.5 to 401.4560 pW15 pW30 pW

17、 WR-28to 40 GHz (UG-599/U)(33 GHz) 51137 (4Q)33-40 to +1050 mW33 to 501.4560 pW15 pW30 pW WR-22to 50 GHz (UG-383/U)(40 GHz) 51237 (4Q)33-50 to +1050 mW33 to 501.4560 pW15 pW30 pW WR-22to 50 GHz (UG-383/U)(40 GHz) 12Power Sensor Manual Table 2-4. Legacy Waveguide Sensor Characteristics WAVEGUIDE SENS

18、ORS Maximum SWR Drift and Noise Lowest Range Noise Model Frequency Range Dynamic Range Overload Rating Impedance(Ref. Freq.) (2) Drift RF ConnectorCW PowerFrequency SWRafter 2 hr.RMS2 (dBm)(GHz)(/hr)(typical) 51145 (4U)40-40 50 mW40 to 601.4560 pW15 pW30 pW WR-19to 60 GHzto +10 dBm (UG-383/U)(50 GHz

19、) 51245 (4U)40-50 50 mW40 to 601.4560 pW15 pW30 pW WR-19to 60 GHzto +10 dBm (UG-383/U)(50 GHz) 51146 (4V)50-40 50 mW50 to 751.4560 pW15 pW30 pW WR-15to 75 GHzto +10 dBm (UG-385/U)(60 GHz) 51246 (4V)50-50 50 mW50 to 751.4560 pW15 pW30 pW WR-15to 75 GHzto +10 dBm (UG-385/U)(60 GHz) 51147 (4V)75-40 50

20、mW75 to 1001.4560 pW15 pW30 pW WR-10to 100 GHzto +10 dBm (UG-387/U)(94 GHz) 51247 (4V)75-50 50 mW75 to 1001.4560 pW15 pW30 pW WR-10to 100 GHzto +10 dBm (UG-387/U)(94 GHz) NOTES: 1) -40 to +10 dBm Dynamic Range if used with Model 4200A. 2) Uncertainties: a) Power Linearity Uncertainty at Reference Fr

21、equency: +/- 0.5 dB b) Cal Factor Uncertainty: +/- 0.6 dB c) Additional Linearity Uncertainty (referred to -10 dBm): +/- 0.01 dB/dB Power Sensor Manual13 Table 2-4. Legacy Waveguide Sensor Characteristics (cont.) Noise WAVEGUIDE SENSORS Model Frequency Range Dynamic Range Overload Rating Maximum SWR

22、 Drift and Noise Lowest Range Sensor characteristics of Boonton legacy Peak Power Sensors are presented in table 2-5. This data is presented for reference only. Contact the sales department for availability. FrequencyPower Overload RangeMeasurementRating PeakFastSlow ImpedanceCW (1)Peak PowerHigh Lo

23、w FrequencySWRPeak Power RF ConnectorInt. TriggerCW PowerBandwidthBandwidthCW Power (GHz)(dBm)(ns)(ns)(GHz) Sensors below are for use with 4400, 4500, 4400A and 4500A RF Peak Power Meters and 4530 Series RF Power Meter when combined with Model 2530 1 GHz calibrator accessory. 56218-S20.03 to 26.5-24

24、 to 201W of 1 us 150 500to 21.154 uW 50 -34 to 20200 mW(3 MHz)(700 kHz)to 61.200.4 uW K(M)-10 to 20to 181.25 (3) to 26.51.50 562260.03 to 26.5-24 to 201W of 1 us 150 500to 11.154 uW 50 -34 to 20200 mW(3 MHz)(700 kHz)to 61.200.4 uW K(M)-10 to 20to 181.25 (3) to 26.51.50 563400.5 to 40-24 to 201W of 1

25、 us 15 (2) 200to 41.254 uW 50 -34 to 20200 mW(35 MHz)(1.75 MHz)to 381.650.4 uW K(M)-10 to 20to 402.00 (3) 565260.5 to 26.5-40 to 201W of 1 us 100 300to 21.1550 nW 50 -50 to 20200 mW(6 MHz)(1.16 MHz)to 41.205 nW K(M)-27 to 20to 181.45 (4) to 26.51.50 565400.5 to 40-40 to 201W of 1 us 100 300to 41.255

26、0 nW 50 -50 to 20200 mW(6 MHz)(1.16 MHz)to 381.655 nW K(M)-27 to 20to 402.00 (4) NOTES: 1) Models 4400, 4500, 4400A and 4500A only. 2) Models 4531 and 4532: 20ns, (20MHz). 3) Shaping Error (Linearity Uncertainty), all levels 2.3% 4) Shaping Error (Linearity Uncertainty), all levels 4.7% 14Power Sens

27、or Manual DUAL DIODE PEAK POWER SENSORS Table 2-5. Legacy Peak Power Sensor Characteristics ModelRise TimeMaximum SWRDrift UCalFactor = ( F - F1 ) * ( CF2 - CF1 ) / ( F2 - F1 ) + CF1 where; F = 10.3 F1 = 10CF1 = 4.0 F2 = 11CF2 = 4.3 = ( 10.3 - 10.0 ) * ( 4.3 - 4.0 ) / ( 11.0 - 10.0 ) + 4.0 = ( 0.3 )

28、 * ( 0.3 ) / ( 1.0 ) + 4.0 = ( 0.3 ) * ( 0.3 ) + 4.0 = 4.09 % Step 10: Now that each of the individual uncertainty terms has been determined, we can create an uncertainty budget and calculate the combined standard uncertainty (Uc) . DivisorUstd (+/- %) 20.05 ( 3 )0.51.41 ( 2 )0.50.24 ( 2 )0.54.72 (

29、3 )0.50.58 Temp. Drift( 3 )0.5 0.00 Noise20.48 Zero drift( 3 )0.5 0.91 22.05 5.47 10.94 Power Sensor Manual39 Source of Uncertainty Probabilty Distribution Instrument Symbol I Value (+/- %) 0.10normal Calibrator Level Mismatch Source Mismatch Sensor Shaping Cal Factor UExpanded Combined Standard Unc

30、ertainty rectangular U-shaped U-shaped rectangular 0.95 1.58 rectangular normal rectangular normal Z K Uc normal4.09 N R MC MS S T 6.68 1.00 0 2.45 0.34 normal Uncertainty(k=2) From the previous example, it can be seen that the two largest contributions to the combined standard uncertainty are the s

31、ource mismatch, and the sensor calfactor. Typical Example #2: Model 57518 Peak Power Sensor Measurement conditions: Source Frequency:900 MHz Source Power:13 dBm (20mW) Source SWR :1.12 (reflection coefficient = 0.057) at 900 MHz AutoCal Source:External 2530 1GHz Calibrator AutoCal Temperature:38C Cu

32、rrent Temperature:49C In this example, we will assume that an AutoCal was performed on the sensor earlier in the day, so time and temperature drift may play a role in the uncertainty. Step 1: The Instrument Uncertainty figure for the 4530 Series is 0.20%. Since it has been a while since AutoCal, wel

33、l use the published figure. UInstrument = 0.20% Step 2: The Calibrator Level Uncertainty for the Model 2530 1GHz external calibrator may be calculated from the calibrators specification. The 0dBm uncertainty is 0.065dB, or 1.51%. To this figure, we must add 0.03dB or 0.69% per 5dB step from 0dBm. 13

34、dBm is 2.6 5dB steps (13/5) away from 0dBm. Any fraction must always be rounded to the next highest whole number, so were 3 steps away. UCalLevel = ( 1.51% + ( 3 * 0.69% ) = 3.11% Step 3: The Calibrator Mismatch Uncertainty is calculated using the formula in the previous section, using the 2530 cali

35、brators published figure for DCAL and calculating the value DSNSR from the SWR specification outlined in Section 2 of this manual. DCAL = 0.091 (external 2530 calibrators reflection coefficient at 1GHz) DSNSR = (1.15 - 1) / (1.15 + 1) = 0.070 (calculated reflection coefficient of 57518, max SWR = 1.

36、15 at 1 GHz) UCalMismatch = 2 * DCAL * DSNSR * 100 % = 2 * 0.091 * 0.070 * 100 % = 1.27% 40Power Sensor Manual Step 4: The Source Mismatch Uncertainty is calculated using the formula in the previous section, using the DUTs specification for DSRCE and calculating the value DSNSR from the SWR specific

37、ation found in Section 2. DSRCE = 0.057 (source reflection coefficient at 900 MHz) DSNSR = (1.15 - 1) / (1.15 + 1) ) = 0.070 (calculated reflection coefficient of 57518, max SWR = 1.15 at 0.9 GHz) USourceMismatch = 2 * DSRCE * DSNSR * 100 % = 2 * 0.057 * 0.070 * 100 % = 0.80% Step 5: The uncertainty

38、 caused by Sensor Shaping Error for a 57518 peak sensor is 4% at all levels (from table 2-2). But since were measuring at 900MHz, which is very close to the 1GHz AutoCal frequency, well assume that the frequency-dependent portion of the shaping error becomes very small, and well estimate that 2% rem

39、ains. UShapingError = 2.0 % Step 6: The Sensor Temperature Drift Error depends on how far the temperature has drifted from the sensor calibration temperature, and the temperature coefficient of the sensor. In our case, we are using a temperature compensated sensor, and the temperature has drifted by

40、 11 degrees C (49C - 38C) from the AutoCal temperature. We will use the equation in the previous section to calculate sensor temperature drift uncertainty. USnsrTempDrift = ( 0.93% + 0.069% / C) = ( 0.93 + ( 0.069 * 11.0 ) ) % = 1.69 % Step 7: This is a relatively high-level measurement, so the nois

41、e contribution of the sensor is probably negligible, but well calculate it anyway. Well assume modulate mode with default filtering. The signal level is 13dBm, or 20mW. The “noise and drift” specification for the 57518 sensor is 50nW, from Table 2-2 (Peak Power Sensor Characteristics). Noise uncerta

42、inty is the ratio of these two figures. UNoise F = 0.9 F1 = 0.5CF1 = 1.6 F2 = 1.0CF2 = 0.0 = ( 00.9 - 00.5 ) * ( 0.0 - 1.6 ) / ( 1.0 - 0.5 ) + 1.6 = ( 0.4 ) * ( -1.6 ) / ( 0.5 ) + 1.6 = ( 0.4 ) * ( -1.6 ) + 1.6 = 0.32 % Step 10: Now that each of the individual uncertainty terms has been determined,

43、we can create an uncertainty budget and calculate the combined standard uncertainty (Uc) . DivisorUstd (+/- %) 20.10 ( 3 )0.51.80 ( 2 )0.50.90 ( 2 )0.50.57 ( 3 )0.51.15 Temp. Drift( 3 )0.5 0.98 Noise20.02 20.16 2.58 5.17 From this example, different uncertainty terms dominate. Since the measurement

44、is close to the calibration frequency, and matching is rather good, the shaping and level errors are the largest. The Expanded Uncertainty of 5.17 % translates to an uncertainty of about 0.22 dB in the reading. 42Power Sensor Manual Source ofSymbolValueProbabilty Uncertainty(+/- %)Distribution Instr

45、umentI0.2normal Calibrator Level R3.11rectangular Mismatch MC1.27U-shaped Source Mismatch MS0.80U-shaped Sensor Shaping S 2.00rectangular T1.69rectangular N0.03normal Cal FactorK0.32normal Ucnormal Uncertainty(k=2) Uncertainty ExpandedUnormal Combined Standard Warranty Boonton Electronics (Boonton)

46、warrants its products to the original Purchaser to be free from defects in material and workmanship for a period of one year from date of shipment for instrument, and for one year from date of shipment for probes, power sensors and accessories. Boonton further warrants that its instruments will perf

47、orm within all current specifications under normal use and service for one year from date of shipment. These warranties do not cover active devices that have given normal service, sealed assemblies which have been opened or any item which has been repaired or altered without Boontons authorization.

48、Boontons warranties are limited to either the repair or replacement, at Boontons option, of any product found to be defective under the terms of these warranties. There will be no charge for parts and labor during the warranty period. The Purchaser shall prepay shipping charges to Boonton or its designated service facility and shall return the product in its original or an equivalent shipping container. Boonton or its designated service facility shall pay normal ground shipping charges to return the product to the Purchaser. Th