FLUKE 635 Operating 电路图.pdf

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1、 635/633 QuickBERT-T1 and QuickCHECK-T1 Users Manual PN 1278087 July 1999 Rev.1, 9/99 1999 Fluke Corporation, All rights reserved. Printed in USA All product names are trademarks of their respective companies. RadioFans.CN 收音机爱 好者资料库 LIMITED WARRANTY therefore, the DS1 level may be viewed both in dB

2、DSX and volts, peak-to-peak. See section 3-6. Overview Controls2 2-9 DS1 Level (dBDSX) When the DS1 level result is selected (using the RESULTS keys), the test set displays the level of the DS1 signal in dBDSX. A DS1 signal is transmitted at a 0 dBDSX level. The reading, therefore, indicates the los

3、s (in dB) from the point of transmission to the point of measurement. 2-12. DS0 Freq/DS0 Level DS0 Freq 1004.0Hz DS0 Level 0.0dBm T1 RB Int CSU abn12f.eps DS0 Frequency DS0 frequency is a measurement of the analog frequency for the DS0 that is currently being monitored. For example, a test tone that

4、 is being received (in the selected DS0) will be measured and the received frequency will be displayed. The test set demodulates the digitally-encoded signal on the selected channel and presents it through the speaker (and the headset jack). If the DS0 frequency result is selected (using the RESULTS

5、 keys), the frequency of the analog signal present on the channel is displayed in Hz. (This result display is only available if a channel has been selected for monitoring.) DS0 Level DS0 level is a measurement of the analog signal level for the DS0 that is currently being monitored. For example, a t

6、est tone that is being received will be measured and the received level (or amplitude) will be displayed. The test set demodulates the digitally-encoded signal on the selected channel and drops the channel to the speaker (and the headset jack). If the DS0 level result is selected (using the RESULTS

7、keys), the level of the signal is displayed in dBm. If you know the level at which the tone signal is inserted, the insertion loss of the channel may be determined. (This result display is only available if a channel has been selected for monitoring.) 633/635 Users Manual 2-10 Note The test set deve

8、lops the analog signal level from the decoded digital signal. Therefore, the isolation resistors at a DSX monitor jack do not affect eh DSO-level reading. See the note under step 7b in section 3-6. 2-13. FT1 (Fractional T1) FT1 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 F64 CCIS Rx CSU abn13f.eps If F64 or

9、 F56 is selected as the test mode, you can view the Fractional T1 channels (01-24) on the FT1 results screens. There are two FT1 results screens: one with channels 01-12 and one with channels 13-24. The selected channel(s) will blink. For information on how to select channels for Fractional T1, see

10、section 2-38. 2-14. DTMF DTMF - - No Digits - - F64 CCIS Rx CSU abn14f.eps The DTMF results screen allows you to view DTMF digits for a selected channel. For information on how to capture and display DTMF digits, see section 3-7. (This result display is only available if a channel has been selected

11、for monitoring.) Overview Controls2 2-11 2-15. RESTART Key Bit errors, BPV errors, CRC errors, frame errors, clock slips, and errored seconds are cleared to 0 when the RESTART key is pressed. If one of these results is being displayed when the RESTART key is pressed, it will continue to be displayed

12、, but 0 will be displayed until an error of that type occurs. Any red Error LEDs that are flashing (to indicate errors of that type) will be turned off when the RESTART key is pressed. All Status and History LEDs are cleared when the RESTART key is pressed. Note Always press the RESTART key after co

13、nnecting the test set to the line under test. The unit might detect invalid errors when first connected due to receiver sensitivity. Pressing the RESTART key does not affect the Signaling Bits LEDs, Data Bits LEDs, Signaling Type LEDs, LOW BATTERY LED, or Channel Selection display. In addition, pres

14、sing the RESTART key causes the test set to enter the auto-evaluate mode (see section 3-2 for additional information on automatic evaluation). 2-16. TEST MODE Key The TEST MODE key allows you to select one of three test modes: T1, F64 (fractional T1, 64k), or F56 (fractional T1, 56k). When the T1 mo

15、de is selected, you can perform a T1 in-service or out-of-service BERT. For both the F64 and F56 test modes, the receiver performs T1 in-service or out-of-service testing on only the active channels and ignores the data on all other channels. When F64 mode is selected, all 8 bits in each active chan

16、nel are used by the receiver for BERT. When the F56 mode is selected, only the first 7 bits in each active channel are used by the receiver for BERT. The transmitter (QuickBERT-T1 only) sends the BERT pattern on the active channel(s). The received signal is simply passed through in the inactive chan

17、nels and if there is not a received signal present, the inactive channels are filled with idle code (FF Hex). (Channels can be selected with the FT1 CHANNEL SELECT key.) 633/635 Users Manual 2-12 2-17. SIGNALING TYPE Key When the test set is in frame sync, either the D4, ESF, or SLC96 green Framing

18、LED illuminates. For further analysis, the unit provides the ability to view the state of the signaling bits and data bits for a selected DS0 channel. There are four yellow Signaling Bits LEDs provided for this purpose (A, B, C, D). The D4 and SLC96 framing modes make provision for two signaling bit

19、s (A, B). The ESF framing mode makes provision for four signaling bits (A, B, C, D). In order to display the state of the signaling bits, the test set must be set up for the proper signaling format (robbed bit, CCIS, or E-Bit) being used on the T1 line under test. The robbed bit (RB) scheme uses rob

20、bed data bits to transmit the signaling states. In common channel interoffice signaling (CCIS), a complete channel (DS0) is used to transmit signaling bits, thus leaving the eight data bits available to transmit data (clear channel). The E-Bit selection is provided to define a proprietary common cha

21、nnel signaling scheme. 2-18. TX CLK SOURCE Key (QuickBERT-T1 only) This key is used to select one of three transmit clock sources: Rx (recovered), Int (internal), and Ext (external). When Rx is selected, the QuickBERT-T1 recovers the clock from the received bit stream and uses the received clock as

22、the timing element for the transmit data. When Int is selected, the 1.544 MHz internal oscillator is used to clock the transmitter. When Ext is selected, the QuickBERT-T1 recovers the bipolar clock from the external clock that is applied to the REF bantam jack and uses this clock as the transmit tim

23、ing element. 2-19. LOOP CODE Key (QuickBERT-T1 only) This key is used to select the type of loop code to be transmitted by the QuickBERT-T1. See Table 2-1 for a list of the codes transmitted by the QuickBERT-T1 when the corresponding selections are made and the SEND LOOP UP or SEND LOOP DOWN key is

24、pressed. The HDSL loop codes are either ADTRAN, Inc. or PairGain Technologies, Inc. loop codes. Sections 2-20 through 2-37 provide detailed descriptions of the loop-code types. Overview Controls2 2-13 Table 2-1. Loop Code Types Loop Code Type Loop-Up CodeLoop-Down Code CSU10000 (IN-BAND)100 (IN-BAND

25、) NIU41100 (IN-BAND)1110 (IN-BAND) NIU511000 (IN-BAND)11100 (IN-BAND) NTWRK (ESF)1111111101001000 (OUT-BAND)1111111100100100 (OUT-BAND) LINE (D4)10000 (IN-BAND)100 (IN-BAND) LINE (ESF)1111111101110000 (OUT-BAND)1111111100011100 (OUT-BAND) PYLD (ESF)1111111100101000 (OUT-BAND)1111111101001100 (OUT-BA

26、ND) ARM11000 (IN-BAND)11100 (IN-BAND) HTU-R1100011101000010 (IN-BAND)1001001110010011 (IN-BAND) HTU-C1101001111010011 (IN-BAND)1001001110010011 (IN-BAND) HRE11100011101000001 (IN-BAND)1001001110010011 (IN-BAND) HRE21100011101010100 (IN-BAND)1001001110010011 (IN-BAND) NREM1111111100000010 (IN-BAND)11

27、100 (IN-BAND) NLOC1111111100011110 (IN-BAND)11100 (IN-BAND) NDU11111111100000100 (IN-BAND)11100 (IN-BAND) NDU21111111100000110 (IN-BAND)11100 (IN-BAND) CREM0011111100011110 (IN-BAND)11100 (IN-BAND) CLOC0011111100000010 (IN-BAND)11100 (IN-BAND) CDU10011111100000100 (IN-BAND)11100 (IN-BAND) CDU2001111

28、1100000110 (IN-BAND)11100 (IN-BAND) 633/635 Users Manual 2-14 2-20. CSU This selection is made to loop up/down a CSU, typically on the far end of a T1 span (see Chapter 3). 2-21. NIU4, NIU5 This selection is made to loop an NIU. The NIU (sometimes called smart jack) is part of the network equipment

29、and belongs to the service provider. Most modern NIUs respond to the NIU5 code. Older NIUs only respond to the NIU4 code. 2-22. NTWRK This selection is only valid in ESF framing. The NTWRK loop code is transmitted out of band (in the facility data link (FDL) of the ESF signal). The distant ESF CSU w

30、ill respond by looping the DS1 signal back at a point that includes the entire CSU. The NTWRK loop code may be used in conjunction with the LINE loop code to determine whether a fault exists in the facility or the CSU. In order to activate the NTWRK loop code, ESF framing must be selected (using the

31、 TX FRAME key). 2-23. LINE If ESF framing and LINE loop code are selected, pressing the SEND LOOP UP or SEND LOOP DOWN key will transmit LINE code out of band (in the FDL of the ESF signal). The distant ESF CSU will respond by looping the entire DS1 signal at a point that does not include the CSU ci

32、rcuitry. The LINE loop code may be used in conjunction with the NTWRK loop code to determine whether a fault exists in the facility or the CSU. The LINE loop code may also be sent in band when D4 framing is selected. 2-24. PYLD If ESF framing and PYLD loop code are selected, pressing the SEND LOOP U

33、P or SEND LOOP DOWN key will transmit the PYLD code out of band (in the FDL of the ESF signal). The distant ESF CSU will respond by looping only the payload (the customer data) of the ESF signal. The FDL will not be looped back, as with the NTWRK or the LINE loop codes. Because the FDL isregenerated

34、 at the distant CSU, the PYLD loop code is useful in determining which side of a T1 facility is faulty. Overview Controls2 2-15 2-25. ARM (ADTRAN) When ARM is selected and the SEND LOOP UP key is pressed, all ADTRAN HDSL equipment is armed, enabling the HDSL elements to be looped. When ARM is select

35、ed and the SEND LOOP DOWN key is pressed, all ADTRAN HDSL equipment is disarmed. 2-26. HTU-R (ADTRAN) This selection causes the HTU-R (remote-end HDSL unit) to transition from an armed state to a loopback state. 2-27. HTU-C (ADTRAN) This selection causes the HTU-C (central-office HDSL unit) to trans

36、ition from an armed state to a loopback state. 2-28. HRE1 (ADTRAN) This selection causes the HRE1 (HDSL range extender 1; sometimes referred to as a doubler) to transition from an armed state to a loopback state. 2-29. HRE2 (ADTRAN) This selection causes the HRE2 (HDSL range extender 2; sometimes re

37、ferred to as a doubler) to transition from an armed state to a loopback state. 2-30. NREM (PairGain) This selection causes the NREM (network remote) to transition to a loopback state. 2-31. NLOC (PairGain) This selection causes the NLOC (network local loop) to transition to a loopback state. 2-32. N

38、DU1 (PairGain) This selection causes the NDU1 (network doubler 1) to transition to a loopback state. 2-33. NDU2 (PairGain) This selection causes the NDU2 (network doubler 2) to transition to a loopback state. 633/635 Users Manual 2-16 2-34. CREM (PairGain) This selection causes the CREM (customer re

39、mote) to transition to a loopback state. 2-35. CLOC (PairGain) This selection causes the CLOC (customer local loop) to transition to a loopback state. 2-36. CDU1 (PairGain) This selection causes the CDU1 (customer doubler 1) to transition to a loopback state. 2-37. CDU2 (PairGain) This selection cau

40、ses the CDU2 (customer doubler 2) to transition to a loopback state. 2-38. FT1 CHANNEL SELECT Key When in F64 or F56 test mode, the FT1 channels will be selected by scrolling through the DS0s using the CHANNEL UP/DOWN keys and viewing the two-character display. To select the displayed channel for F6

41、4 or F56 BERT, press the FT1 CHANNEL SELECT key. The selected channel(s) will blink on the display screen (shown below) if FT1 is selected as the result type (using the RESULTS keys). FT1 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 F64 CCIS Rx CSU abn15f.eps To clear or deselect all channels for F64 or F56

42、BERT, select no channel (shown as - on the two-character display). Then, press the FT1 CHANNEL SELECT key momentarily. To select all channels, press and hold the FT1 CHANNEL SELECT key for approximately two seconds. 2-39. CHANNEL UP/DOWN Keys These keys are used to select the DS0 channel for data an

43、d signaling drop to the Signaling Bits and Data Bits LEDs. The selected DS0 will also be dropped Overview Controls2 2-17 to the speaker (and headset jack). The DS0 channel selection (1-24) is shown on the display that is located to the left of the CHANNEL UP/DOWN keys. These keys are also used with

44、Fractional T1 to select fractional channels. 2-40. ERROR INJECT Keys (QuickBERT-T1 only) The three ERROR INJECT keys allow insertion of logic, BPV, or frame errors into the data stream. When you press the ERROR INJECT key momentarily, the LED will flash and one error will be injected. When you press

45、 and hold the ERROR INJECT key for approximately two seconds, the LED will illuminate solid and the selected error will be injected at an error rate of 1.0E-4. Pressing the ERROR INJECT key again will discontinue the error inject rate and turn the LED off. 2-41. SEND LOOP UP/DOWN Keys (QuickBERT-T1

46、only) Various circuit elements in a T1 span respond to loop codes. This allows one person to perform an out-of-service BERT. Press the SEND LOOP UP key to transmit the loop-up code (which has been selected by the LOOP CODE key). The SEND LOOP UP LED will illuminate to indicate the code is being tran

47、smitted. Once the device is looped, the RECEIVE LOOP UP LED will illuminate for approximately 3 seconds (5 seconds for HDSL loop codes) to indicate that the device has successfully looped up. Press the SEND LOOP DOWN key to transmit the loop-down code (which has been selected by the LOOP CODE key).

48、The SEND LOOP DOWN LED will illuminate to indicate the code is being transmitted. The RECEIVE LOOP DOWN LED will illuminate for approximately 3 seconds (5 seconds for HDSL loop codes) to indicate that the device has successfully looped down. Table 2-1 lists all of the loop-code types supported by th

49、e QuickBERT-T1. When monitoring a span, if the QuickBERT-T1 detects a loop code, the RECEIVE LOOP UP LED will illuminate to indicate a pre-loop condition. 2-42. RX INPUT Key Before making a connection to the RX jack, the RX INPUT key should be set appropriately. This key allows you to choose between three different T1 terminations: DSX MON for monitoring in-service or out-of-s