lecroy LW400A-OM2 电路图.pdf

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1、1 TABLE OF CONTENTS Arbitrary Waveform Generator Users Guide 1. General Installation and Safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1?3 Getting Started . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1?8 2. Introductory Tutorial Creating a simple Arbitrary Waveform . .

2、. . . . . . . . . . . . .2?1 3. Waveform Viewing Waveform Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3?3 Display Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3?7 Zooming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3?10 4. Liv

3、e Waveform Manipulation Time Cursors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4?1 Voltage Cursors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4?3 Edit Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4?5 Duration . . . . . . . . . .

4、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4?5 Move Feature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4?6 Delay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4?6 Edit Amplitude . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5、. . .4?8 5. Insert Wave From Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5?2 Standard Waves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5?4 Equations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5?7 Other Waves . . . . . . . . .

6、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5?26 6. Waveform Editing Clearing the Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6?1 Editor Properties and Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6?3 Insert . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7、 . . . . . .6?5 Cut . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6?6 Paste . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6?9 RadioFans.CN 收音机爱 好者资料库 2 Table of Contents 7. Sequence Waveforms Sequence Editor . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

8、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7?3 Sequence Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7?5 Group Sequences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7?11 8. Waveform Math Dual Waveform Math . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8?8 Example . . .

9、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8?8 9. Adding Noise to A Waveform Adding noise on the LW400/LW400A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9?3 Adding Noise on the LW400B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9?3 Controlling Noise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

10、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9?4 10. Project Structure Project Import . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10?5 Project Export . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10?7 11. Hardcopy Printers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

11、. . . . . . . . . . .11?3 Storing Graphics Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11?4 File Naming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11?5 12. Importing however, it has a different functionality. The scratch pad is not directly associated with an outpu

12、t channel. It is, as the name implies, a place to experiment with different waveform options before they are committed to an output. Waveforms can be edited in the scratch pad memory without affecting the state of the output of the AWG. NewThis is the starting point for creation and naming of a tota

13、lly new waveform. Pushing the softkey labeled new activates a sub menu permitting selection of a new channel 1 wave, a new channel 2 wave or a new scratch pad wave as a new wave. Selecting one of these three options now causes the system to jump to it?s alphanu- meric entry menu and permits the user

14、 to assign a unique name to this new waveform. Note that alphanumeric entries may also be made via an IBM PC/AT compatible keyboard connected to the Auxilliary Control connector on the rear panel of the LW400. Entries from the keyboard are limited to upper case letters and numbers. The back- space k

15、ey may be used to delete text. Select Wave Reference Selecting the ReferenceOften it is desirable to see a reference wave. For example, it may be desirable to edit a waveform while viewing the original version of the waveform as it is being edited. The reference wave provides this ability. In the ac

16、companying figure, a reference wave (bottom trace) is shown simultaneously as the WaveStation user prepares to Edit the active Waveform file (top trace). Selecting Reference from the SELECT WAVE menu causes the WaveStation to enter a submenu from which it is possible to choose the reference wave. Th

17、e choices are the same as for the channel 1 or channel 2 wave. There is an additional selection to Show Reference. Answering ?yes? permits the reference to be viewed. 3-6 Reference Figure 3.3 Viewing the Reference 3-7 Display Figure 3.4 Setting up the display Splitting the GridTo have two grids as i

18、n the figure, it is necessary to enter the display menu. Push 2nd followed by DISPLAY and under Type select Dual Grid and push MENU RETURN. For further details see the following section on DISPLAY. DisplayThe Display menu is used to setup the type of display, the grid style, and the display intensit

19、ies. Press the red ?2ND? button and then DISPLAY ( the alternate function of the ZOOM button). The DISPLAY menu, shown in the adjacent figure, will appear. 3-8 Display TypeThe four display types available are Single, Dual, Single and X-Y, and X-Y. Press the Type softkey to enable selecting the displ

20、ay type using the rotary knob. Pressing the softkey a second time will show all the choices along with individual softkeys for selection. With Single grid, the selected waveform, or the selected waveform and the reference waveform can be displayed within the same grid. The Dual grid splits the displ

21、ay into two grids. The selected wave- form is displayed within the top grid. The reference waveform, if enabled by Show Reference switch in the REFERENCE menu, is displayed in the lower grid. The Single and X-Y grid combines an X-Y display and a single display grid. The Reference waveform is plotted

22、 as the Y (ordinate) axis, while the Selected Waveform is plotted along the X (abscissa) axis. This arrangement permits waveform phase relationships to be investigated as shown in the accompanying figure. Similarly, the X-Y grid provides a full screen view of the reference waveform plotted against t

23、he selected waveform. Figure 3.5 X-Y Single Display 3-9 Display Grid StyleFull, Border, or Cross-Hair grids can be selected by pressing the Grid Style softkey. The Full grid includes graticule lines at each major division in the 8 by 10 division display. The Border style eliminates all the grid line

24、s except for an outer border. The Cross- Hair grid, as the name implies, consists of a set of perpendicular axes marked with major and minor division increments IntensityThe Intensity menu field is used to set the displayed intensity of the waveforms and annotation. When selected, it is adjustable o

25、ver a range of 1% to 100% using the rotary knob or by numeric entry from the keypad. Likewise, the Grid Intensity allows the user to adjust the brightness of the grid lines independently of the wave- form traces. 3-10 Zoom Figure 3.6 The Zoom Trace Menu ZoomPushing the operation key labeled ZOOM on

26、the left of the rotary control knob activates the menu that permits selection of the displayed time and amplitude scale factors (zoom factor). The ZOOM controls only affect the display of the waveform. The time base and amplitude settings of the waveform are not affected by these settings. There are

27、 two major selection fields in this submenu. They are Horizontal and Vertical. Each section has two additional selections: the value at the center and the appropriate scaling in time or volts per division. Pushing the appropriate grey menu button causes the rotary control to attach to the function s

28、elected. The rotary control is now used to change the value of the selected function. Whenever the rotary control is used to change a numerical value, the resolution of the digit being controlled can be changed by using the left and right digit button located above the rotary control. 3-11 Zoom When

29、 a selected numerical quantity is lowered or raised until either the low or high limit is reached, an error message is printed on the screen of the AWG. This error message states for example, ?Cannot decrement this digit? meaning that either incrementing or decrementing the selected digit will excee

30、d the extreme limit for the field. Display AllDisplay All causes the entire waveform to appear on the screen. It has the effect of undoing any expansions that have previously been invoked both in time and in amplitude. This will effect the display only, and not the current waveform or output. Zoom t

31、o CursorZoom to Cursor will cause the region of the waveform between the time cursors to expand and fill the screen between the 10% to 90% horizontal grid line. Zoom PreviousToggles between the current and previous ZOOM setting. 3-12 ExerciseWaveform selection and zoom 1.Connect the AWG to an oscill

32、oscope 2.Push Project 3.Push the softkey next to Open 4.Select the project name APPLICAT.PRJ 5.Push Accept 6.Push Menu Return (this step can be skipped) 7.Push Select Wave 8.Push the grey soft key next to Channel 1 Waveform 9.Select PHOTO.wav 10. Push Menu Return (this step can be skipped) 11. Push

33、ZOOM 12. Position Horizontal Center at 12 ?s 13. Expand Horizontal Time/Div to 200 ns 14. Toggle Display All and Zoom Previous Figure 3.7 The Result of Exercise 1 Exercise 4-1 LIVE WAVEFORM MANIPULATIONS 4 Cursor Manipulations Live waveform manipulation means selecting some feature of a waveform and

34、 changing it while the output is also modified. This change does not occur in real time: there is some delay between feature manipulation in the AWG and a change in the state of the output which is proportional to the size of the area affected. The first step in ?live? waveform manipulation is to us

35、e the time cursors to select a region of interest in the waveform. This may also involve using the Zoom controls discussed previously. By using Zoom to expand the waveform a detailed examination and selection of waveform elements can be accomplished. This will help assure accurate results of a wavef

36、orm manipulation of a specific feature. Time CursorsPressing the Operation key labeled TIME CURSOR next to the rotary control knob activates the menu depicted in figure 4.1 and summarized in table 4.1 below. The time cursors consist of two vertical bars that can be positioned on either side of a wav

37、eform feature in order to manipulate extract or delete that feature when Figure 4.1 Time Cursor Menu 4-2 Time Cursor editing. (See editing waveforms in section 6). The time cursors may not cross one another. Time cursors are used in all editing, functions and measurements. Measurements and Cut editi

38、ng operations use both cursors while Paste and other Insert opera- tions use the left Cursor. Help ! Where are the Cursors?When the cursors are first turned on, it is possible that they are not visible on screen. Try pushing the softkey labeled Cursors to Grid immediately. The reason the cursors may

39、 not be seen initially is they are located on a portion of the waveform that is outside the field of view. This can occur if, for example, the waveform has been previously expanded and recentered using the ZOOM controls. Notice it is possible to manipulate the cursors indepen- dent of viewing them:

40、the AWG knows where the cursors are even if they are not being displayed. Similarly Cursors To End may move the cursors off the screen and outside the field of view if the present state of the expansion is such that the end of the wave- form is outside the field of view. Another reason the cursors m

41、ay not be visible is because they are located directly over a display gradicule line. Turning the rotary control knob will bring the selected cursor into view. Table 4.1 Summary of Time Cursor Operations Time Cursor On/OffThis toggle switch selection turns the timer cursors on or off Track On/OffWit

42、h track set to On, the right cursor moves with left cursor at a fixed time difference (DELTA) when the left cursor is selected and moved. Measure On/OffThis toggle switch turns the measurements on or off Time LeftSelect this field to move the Time Left Cursor Time RightSelect this field to move the

43、Time Right Cursor DeltaChange the delta between the cursors Select All Position the cursors to surround the entire waveform Cursors To GridMove the cursors onto the grid (see discussion below) Cursors To End Move both cursors to the right end of the waveform 4-3 MeasureWhen the measurements are on t

44、hey will be displayed in the bottom center of the screen (below the grid). Six measurements will be made: min, max, rise time, fall time, period (PER) and width (WIDP). Min will be the minimum amplitude between the Time Left and Time Right cursors. Max will be the maximum amplitude between the Time

45、Left and Time Right cursors. Rise time and Fall time will be the first respective qualifying edge after the Time Left cursor and are 10% to 90%. Period will be the time between two odd numbered 50% crossings beginning with the 1st crossings after the left cursor. WIDP is the time between adjacent 50

46、% crossings for the first positive pulse between the cursors. See Appendix A for more detail. Voltage CursorsPressing the menu selection key labeled Voltage Cursors next to the rotary control knob activates the submenu seen in figure 4.2 and summarized in the table below. The voltage cursors consist

47、 of two horizontal bars that can be positioned up or down along the waveform. The voltage cursors may not cross one another. These cursors are used for making measurements on waveforms. Voltage Cursor Fig. 4.2 Voltage Cursor Menu voltage cursors 4-4 ?Live? ManipulationsMany Time Editing operations a

48、re performed as quickly as possible in response to user input. The LW400 attempts to compute the desired waveform immediately when the state is changed. If the requested state is changed again before the computation is completed, the partially completed computation is discarded and a new attempt to

49、compute the desired waveform is begun. If the waveform being edited is the active waveform for one of the channels, then it is automatically updated when the new waveform is computed. The output holds a data point from the previous waveform while the new playback image is being loaded. The play- back of the new image begins at its first value. Voltage Cursor Table 4.2 Summary of Voltage Cursor Operations Volt Cursor On/OffThis toggle turns the voltage cursors on or off Track On/OffWith Track set to On, the voltage cursors move together at a fixed voltage difference (DELTA) whe