LCAudio-TheEndMillennium-pwr-sm 电路图 维修手册.pdf

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1、The End Millennium The End Millennium is a high quality Power Amplifier, in power sizes of 99 to 300 Watts (8 Ohms). While running in Class A/B the high sound quality is reached through a number of advanced design strategies. First of all no feedback loops is found in the circuit, as any error that

2、might be corrected by the feedback loop, cannot be corrected before it is factual, and then - obviously - it is too late. A simple circuit topology with a minimum of high quality components ensures short signal path. Polyprop Capacitors, Vertical bipolar multi emitter transistors, glass substrate re

3、sistors to mention some of the high-tech components used. The higher frequencies are played with simplicity through the ultra fast amplifier (linear to 500.000Hz) and the four stage output power tunnel gives a firm and fast bass reproduction. The total soundstage is well controlled and well defined,

4、 with precise space and nerve visuality. Audio Power Amplifier. Cook Book. RadioFans.CN 收音机爱 好者资料库 The End MillenniumL C Audio Technology 2 Copying and distribution of this material is allowed, but any commercial use is strictly prohibited without the written permission of L C Audio Technology. Furt

5、her information: Adjustment procedure Assembly Instructions Cabinet description Connection of inputs Connection of the outputs Connections to the ext. Boards High Power Systems based on Millennium Nonfeedback = Musicality! Parts List PCB Sketch Power Supply Considerations Principle behind the Millen

6、nium Schematic Use of the DC Servo Content. 17 12 20 14 15 16 5 4 11 9 7 3 8 18 RadioFans.CN 收音机爱 好者资料库 Principle behind The End Millennium. The principle schematic shows how simple the fundamental circuit of Millennium really is. There are no feedback loops (100% non-feedback), there are no capacit

7、ors or other sound depriving components near the signal path. The frequency responce is linear from DC to extreme hights: 500.000 Hz. This is probably the fastest amplifier You ever heard! Any part of the music from the deepest bass to the teeniest transient is reproduced with ease by the Millennium

8、! The Millennium module also contains extra functions such as DC servo and an effective short circuit protection. The protection will monitor if any overload is evident, and then shut down for a couple of seconds. No current limiters or signal limiters are used at all. Should an overload occur, the

9、anp will automatically shut down, and wait for things to normalize again. Then it will turn on and play normally. This system is so effective, that short circuit is allowed at full power for days! Owing to the new amplifier topology, which in several aspects is path breaking in modern audio technolo

10、gy, it has been possible to make available an amplifier with a well controlled sound picture, a liquid flowing soundstage and extreme precision, at a very affordable price. The low price is primarily possible because You do the assembly work Yourself. (Hand built ready versions are available at a hi

11、gher price). The four stage output power tunnel lets the speaker membranes draw all the current required, directly from the power reservoir. Not only to start the motion, but also to stop at the right microsecond. The End MillenniumL C Audio Technology 3 Copying and distribution of this material is

12、allowed, but any commercial use is strictly prohibited without the written permission of L C Audio Technology. RadioFans.CN 收音机爱 好者资料库 100% Non-Feedback = 100% musicality! The warm - almost tube like - sound is mostly owing to the amplifier structure not containing the usual feedback loop. This prin

13、ciple is normally called non-feedback, and is also used in other brands of (costly) high-end amplifiers. In a normal amplifier (with feedback loop) a typical approach is to use a high-gain (up to 100.000 times) / high-distorsion circuit to perform the voltage amplification. By comparing the output s

14、ignal on the speaker terminals to the input signal fed to the amplifier, it is possible to send a correction signal to eliminate any error and thus reducing the measured harmonic distortion. However an error cannot be corrected before it is encountered, and then it is in fact too late, because the s

15、peakers are also connected to the erractic signal. In fact the error signal is comparable to eliminating waves in one end of a swimming pool by sending opposite waves from the other end. Not practical, unless the waves have a very low frequency, compared to the time it takes the correcting waves to

16、reach the other end of the basin. Another problem occurs when You are trying to linearize a signal, that have been amplified by an unlinear (distorting) element. Then You will inevitable see modulation formerly known as TIM (Transient Inter Modulation). This is annoying is there is say two vocalists

17、 in a piece, but You actually hear a third un-harmonic tone. In better cases a loss of audible details is found, but less annoying. Another way to detect modulation is when an amplifier changes sound when the volume is raised or lowered. In The End Millennium the sound is exactly the same no matter

18、what playing level is required. It uses a quite different technique to eliminate distortion. In a non-feedback topology there is no possibility to remove distortion once it is evident, so every method has to be enforced to avoid distortion. Ultra Linear Semiconductors, Highly Stable Resistors, no ca

19、pacitors, and rounded PCB traces for all audio signals. All components used are brand- name highest graded stuff, that is only found in other amplifiers at a far higher price level. The result is uncomplicated, and extremely clear audio quality with absolutely no modulation, but instead streams of d

20、etails and musical dynamics. . The british made Z-Transistor is a vertical bipolar transistor built a way normally associated with MOSFETs . However the Z-transistor has much less Re (or Rs) than any FET or MOSFET, and therefore it produces less distortion in an audio circuit. The capacitance is neg

21、ligible (6 pF) and very low noise is also a useful property. The End MillenniumL C Audio Technology 4 High Power Millennium Systems. A basic Millennium amplifer is designed to run on a 33-0-33 V transformer and put out 120 Watts in 8 Ohms / 240 Watts in 4 Ohms. By adding an extra set of power transi

22、stors on an ext. Module, You may use the Millennium at higher power levels or lower impedances (right down to 1 Ohm). One extra set of output devices will let the unit run on a 40-0-40 V transformer and provide 180 Watts in 8 Ohms / Two extra output modules will give You 350Watts in 4 Ohms. 3 Extra

23、sets will give 250 Watts in 8 Ohms / 500 Watts in 4 Ohms with a 50-0-50 V transformer. The extra output devices are placed on an ext. Module that also contains emitter resistors and appropriate bypassing caps to secure stability. Instead of higher voltages the impedance with the latter system may be

24、 sustained at 33-0- 33 V (AC) and more than 800 Watts are available in 1 Ohm loads. Due to the risk of sound quality deprivation we do not recommend parallelling output devices that are goind to reproduce treble / midrange frequencies. Parallel devices have small differences that will result in high

25、 order (very audible) distortions, heard as aggressive sound at high volume levels. The solution is to have separate outputs for bass and treble/mid. However this requires the speakers to be bi-wirable. Most speakers have this feature today. One set of output devices drive the treble/mid output, whi

26、le a number of additional sets enforces high current output in the bass output where high-order distortion is removed by the speaker filter. Separate output terminals are standard issues in out kits of 180W or higher. (Except the Balanced versions where no parallel output devices are used anyway). E

27、xt. board with an extra set of output devices plus emitter resistors and bypassing caps .Up to 3 ext. Boards can be connected to one main board using power and signal in/out wires. The End MillenniumL C Audio Technology 5 Copying and distribution of this material is allowed, but any commercial use i

28、s strictly prohibited without the written permission of L C Audio Technology. “The End” is the greatest audio success in Scandinavia ever! Any Scandinavian DYI audist know The End in former version 3.1. More than 3600 of this kit was built in the period from 1995 to 1999 where Millennium took over.

29、Nearly every one of these 3600 units runs today and provides remarkable high sound quality in hundreds of Different sound systems. Four stage output power tunnelensures bass control. Glass substrate resistors improve linearity and homogeneity. Signal Amplification is performed by the special Z-trans

30、istors with very Low Re and output capacitance (Cc=6pF). Ultra Linear Core (ULC) Circuit topology gives low distortion with no feedback. Power rails bypassed by 4,7uF Ploypropylene Foil Capacitors ensures high Treble resolution. Any PCB trace that carries audio signals have rounded corners rather th

31、at Angular ones. This eliminates standing waves in the trace, and gives a more Correct and precise sound. Furthermore a couple of functions have been added to the compact Fr4 material main board. A selectable DC Servo kepps DC error within 5 mV, and an effective short circuit protection keeps Your a

32、mp alive, even under extreme overloads. A BIAS system where any thermal load is within limits to a supply voltage of +/- 100V ensures long operational life in any application. Millennium is also stable with low supply voltages ( from +/- 10 V DC ). The Millennium edition is improved in every aspect:

33、 The End MillenniumL C Audio Technology 6 NEW! NEW! NEW! NEW! NEW! NEW! Copying and distribution of this material is allowed, but any commercial use is strictly prohibited without the written permission of L C Audio Technology. The End MillenniumL C Audio Technology 7 Power Supply Considerations. Th

34、e Power Supply is crucial for the sound quality! If You are going to design the perfect audio power supply, the most appealing option is to use a battery of the great performing (Swedish made) RIFA power capacitors of 100.000 uF each. Combine with blocking coils to remove charging peaks and You have

35、 the best practical Audio Power System. However the price and size of this approach makes it less appealing to your view of sensible money and space utilization. It is too expensive and takes up as much space as a small refrigirator. Therefore we have designed the Super Power Supply, to use intellig

36、ent design to weigh up for the size and simplicity of the RIFA solution. 120.000 uF of Low Impedance American made ChemiCon cans configured with a separate supply for the sensitive signal amplifiers, so any dips in the main power caused by extreme loading, will not affect the input and driver circui

37、ts. Also a set of Poly Carbonate caps eliminate high frequency noise from the rectifiers. 10.000u 63V 10.000u 63V 10.000u 63V 10.000u 63V 10.000u 63V 10.000u 63V 10.000u 63V 10.000u 63V 10.000u 63V 10.000u 63V 10.000u 63V 10.000u 63V 4u7 PC 4u7 PC 4u7 PC 4u7 PC 2A bridge 35A bridge 2A bridge 35A bri

38、dge YELLOW YELLOW ORANGE ORANGE RED RED BLACK BLACK 30 VA Auxillary Transformer 5-700 VA Main Transformer AUX + AUX - MAIN + GND MAIN - Copying and distribution of this material is allowed, but any commercial use is strictly prohibited without the written permission of L C Audio Technology. The AUX

39、Supplies are used for the voltage amplifier and the driver stage. These two 4u7 are marked on the PCB but normally not mounted on the PSU, because they are now placed on the amplifier boards. The End MillenniumL C Audio Technology 8 The End Millennium Complete Schematic. The Power supply unit consis

40、t of 120.000 American made MicroFarads, and provides all the stability and musclepower needed to drive even critical speaker loads. The brand ChemiCon is formerly known as Sprague. Ground if unbalanced input signal is used. The End MillenniumL C Audio Technology 9 Power T9 NPN Basis PNP Basis HUSK K

41、aptonHUSK Kapton 2SA12162SC2922 - + T1 DC-Out Aux+Aux- T2 Input- G Output DC-Servo BIAS GND + Bias TPBias TP Input+ Copyright 1999-2000 L C Audio Technology The End Millennium T5T6 BC517 2SB11862SD1763 IC1 C7555 R43 499k T13 BCV47 T14 S2D T8 S2D R12 80R6 R9 80R6 C18 22p/200V C17 22p/200V T7 S1D T11

42、S1D D5BAV103 T10 S2D T12 S1D T19 1E T20 6E T15 6E T16 6E T17 1E T18 1E R44 301k R21 2k74 R22 3k01 R1 10R R35 4k99 R7 4k99 R6 2k0 C16100n R21k0 R13 2k0 R14 1k00 R20 4k02 R19 1k00 R17 1k00 R18 4k02 D4BAV103 RE2 0R27 RE3 0R27 RE4 0R27 RE5 0R27 RE6 0R27 R5-1 4R42 R5-2 4R42 R7-1 4R42 R7-2 4R42 RE1 0R27 R

43、29 3k01 R30 3k01 P1 501 C10 100n R41 1M C15 100n R45 7K62 D9 15V P2 103 T3 A1514 R23 100k T4 C3906 D1 4V7 D2 4V7 R24 301 R25 301 R10 2k0 R11 2k0 R8 2k0 R3 2k0 R100 47k R101 47k R2710k R2616k T21 BF822 R28 1k R31 100k C11 100nD84V7 R32 10k R36 1k T23 BF822 D7 BAV99 C8 100n R38 47k R4016k R34 1k8 T22

44、BF823 R5 10k R16 22R C4 0.22u C2 0.22u R15 22R RZ- 2k0 RZ+ 2k0 C14 1u C13 100n C12 470n R42 7K62 D1015V R371k D3 BAV103 T24 BCV47 R46 33k D64148 C5 22n IC2 LF411 R430k RGND 2R20 R331M C7 470n C9 470/63 C6 470/63 PCB Sketch Note Not 1:1 Measures : 107 by 54 mm. Copying and distribution of this materi

45、al is allowed, but any commercial use is strictly prohibited without the written permission of L C Audio Technology. The End MillenniumL C Audio Technology 10 Photo of the Millennium Main PCB. Heatsink placed here. -30-70V-30-70V AUX supply. +30-70V +30-70V AUX Supply. BIAS testpoint BIAS testpoint

46、Copying and distribution of this material is allowed, but any commercial use is strictly prohibited without the written permission of L C Audio Technology. The End MillenniumL C Audio Technology 11 Partslist. Copying and distribution of this material is allowed, but any commercial use is strictly pr

47、ohibited without the written permission of L C Audio Technology. Transistors. T12SC2922 Sanken T22SA1216 Sanken T52SD1763A T62SB1186A T9BC517 Capacitors. C14u7 Polypropylene C20,22u MKT 100V C34u7 Polypropylene C40,22u MKT 100V C6470u / 63V Panasonic FC C9470u / 63V Panasonic FC C120,47u MKT C141u M

48、KT CZ0,1u PP(for Zobel network) Resistors. R1522R BeyschlagRed Red Black Gold R1622R BeyschlagRed Red Black Gold RGND 2R2 BeyschlagRed Red Black Silver RZ+2k00 BeyschlagRed Black Black Brown Brown RZ-2k00 BeyschlagRed Black Black Brown Brown RE1-6 0R27 Beyschlag non inductiveRed Violet Silver Gold P

49、1500 Ohm Bourns 3386P trimmer mark 501Bias adj. P210k Bourns 3386P trimmermark 103DC offset adj. RZ2R15 1W(for Zobel network) Diverse. Main PCB with SMD components fitted. 2 Kapton isolation pads (add no grease!) 4 Screws 3 by 13 mm selfcutting alu screws 2 Screws 3 by 8 mm. Selfcutting alu screws 4 big 3mm. Flat Washers 2 small 3mm. Flat Washers 1 Jumper for DC Servo Components not mentioned above are already fitted on the board as SMDs The End MillenniumL C Audio Technology 12 Copying and distribution of this material is allowed, but any commercial use is strictly prohibi